| 1. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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Costs of informal care for patients in advanced home care : a population based study
- 2003
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In: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. - 0266-4623 .- 1471-6348. ; 19:4, s. 656-663
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have sought to analyze the cost-effectiveness of advanced home care andhome rehabilitation. However, the costs of informal care are rarely included in economic appraisals ofhome care. This study estimates the cost of informal care for patients treated in advanced home careand analyses some patient characteristics that influence informal care costs.Methods: During one week in October 1995, data were collected on all 451 patients in advanced homecare in the Swedish county of O¨ stergo¨ tland. Costs were calculated by using two models: one includingleisure time, and one excluding leisure time. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factorsassociated with costs of informal care.Results: Seventy percent of the patients in the study had informal care around the clock during theweek investigated. The patients had, on average, five formal care visits per week, each of which lastedfor almost half an hour. Thus, the cost of informal care constituted a considerable part of the costof advanced home care. When the cost of leisure time was included, the cost of informal care wasestimated at SEK 5,880 per week per patient, or twice as high as total formal caregiver costs. Whenleisure time was excluded, the cost of informal care was estimated at SEK 3,410 per week per patient,which is still 1.2 times higher than formal caregiver costs (estimated at SEK 2,810 per week per patient).Informal care costs were higher among patients who were men, who were younger, who had their ownhousing, and who were diagnosed with cancer.Conclusions: Studies of advanced home care that exclude the cost of informal care substantiallyunderestimate the costs to society, regardless of whether or not the leisure time of the caregiver isincluded in the calculations.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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The economic burden of informal care
- 2002
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In: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. - 0266-4623. ; 18:1, s. 46-54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The great interest focused on home care technologies during the last decade resulted from its potential to cut costs. However, the reallocation of costs between healthcare providers and social welfare providers, and the indirect costs of informal care, are not as frequent topics of discussion. The aim of this paper is to discuss different models for estimating the costs of informal care in the home care setting in economic appraisals. METHODS: The outcome of using different models for estimating indirect costs was illustrated using empirical data regarding the time spent by informal caregivers in providing care in a group of home care patients (n = 59). The models used comprise different interpretations of the traditional human capital approach and the friction cost model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Informal care is an important component in home care. The inclusion of indirect costs of informal care in economic appraisals will have implications for the cost-effectiveness of home care, since it will raise costs depending on the model used for estimating indirect costs. In this study we have shown that indirect costs estimated by the friction cost model only amount to 18% to 44% of the cost when the human capital approach is used. The results indicate that, regardless of the method used to estimate indirect costs, the cost of informal care in evaluations of home care programs is often underestimated due to the exclusion of indirect costs.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Åke, et al.
(author)
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Coherent synchrotron radiation in the far infrared from a 1-mm electron bunch
- 2000
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In: Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 0091-3286. ; 39:12, s. 3099-3105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The coherent generation of synchrotron radiation by an electron storage ring is predicted for wavelengths equal to or longer than the electron bunch length. With typical bunch lengths of approximately 1 cm, diffraction and chamber-screening effects have so far blocked observation of coherent radiation from a conventional radiation beamline. In the low-energy, second-generation light source MAX-I, the magnet lattice has been tuned to a small momentum compaction factor, allowing rms bunch lengths as short as 1 mm. Here we report the coherent far-infrared emission observed from such a bunch. The paper discusses the origin of coherent synchrotron radiation for Gaussian and non-Gaussian electron bunches, and the procedure used to generate such bunches. The emission was characterized using the infrared beamline at MAX-I, including an interferometer, a liquid-helium-cooled bolometer detector, waveguide high-pass filters, and a conductive-grid polarization filter. The intensity of the coherent radiation is greater by a factor of 2×103 to 6×103 than normal incoherent synchrotron radiation, and is seen between 8 and 22 cm-1.
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| 5. |
- LeBlanc, Gregory, et al.
(author)
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MAX 4, A 3 GEV light source
- 2003
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In: Proceedings of the IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference. ; 4, s. 2321-2323
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A proposal for a new synchrotron light source, MAX 4, is presented. The main components are two identical storage rings operated at different electron beam energies and equipped with superconducting insertion devices. Small beam emittances will yield high brilliance radiation over a wide spectral range. A small horizontal emittance is achieved by using a large number of cells with gradient dipoles flanked by horizontally focusing quadrupoles. A small magnet aperture allows strong gradients in dipoles and strong sextupole components in quadrupoles. This results in an equilibrium emittance on the order of 1 nmrad. A full-energy injector, enabling top-up operation, will be a 3 GeV S-band linac with an energy doubling system. This opens up the possibility to produce short, intense radiation pulses, coherent as well as spontaneous.
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| 6. |
- LeBlanc, Gregory, et al.
(author)
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Status of the MAX III storage ring
- 2003
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In: Particle Accelerator Conference 2003, Stanford, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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