| 1. |
- Bertilsson, F, et al.
(author)
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CO2 utilization options .1. An emission assessment framework
- 1996
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In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904. ; 37:12, s. 1725-1731
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The utilization of CO2 in various products and services must be carefully assessed in order to achieve reduced CO2 emissions and simultaneously to add to the net economic benefit of society. In this paper, a framework for the assessment of CO2 utilization options in the chemical industry is outlined in which the total CO2 emission is estimated in four steps. First, the processes under study are surveyed to establish the consumption of different raw materials (reactants). Second, the CO2 emission due to the content of fossil carbon in the reactants is determined, i.e. the material-related emission. Third, the CO2 emission related to energy consumption in the studied processes is estimated, i.e. the direct energy-related emission. Fourth, the CO2 emission related to energy consumption in the reactant production processes is estimated, i.e. the indirect energy-related emission. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
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| 2. |
- Bertilsson, F, et al.
(author)
-
CO2 utilization options .2. Assessment of dimethyl carbonate production
- 1996
-
In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904. ; 37:12, s. 1733-1739
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, the potential to reduce CO2 emissions from dimethyl carbonate production by switching from the traditional phosgene-based production to a urea-based CO2 utilization process is assessed. The total CO2 emission for each process is estimated, including emissions related to the carbon content of the products, energy consumption in the production process, and energy consumption in the production processes of the required reactants. Implementation of the CO2 utilization process probably will reduce total CO2 emissions. However, in order to achieve substantially reduced CO2 emissions, serious consideration must be given to the optimization and design of the CO2 utilization process. Furthermore, the fuel-mix employed is one of the factors that influences the total CO2 emission the most. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
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