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| 2. |
- Carré, Helena, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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[Contact tracing a year back is worthwhile. Follow the Vasterbottens example to prevent Chlamydia transmission in Sweden!]
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 102:7, s. 468-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contact tracing is proved to be a good way to prevent asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, from spreading. According to the Swedish law a physician has to report all cases of genital C. trachomatis to the County Medical Officer of Health and to the National institute for Infectious Disease Control and perform contact tracing. An evaluation of the sexual history 6 months back in time is recommended and standard in most of the country. The county of Västerbotten has one of the lowest incidenses of C. trachomatis in Sweden though the population is younger than the Swedish average. During year 2002 the contact tracing in Västerbotten was evaluated by sending a questionnaire to everyone who reported a case of genital C. trachomatis. We recived 534 (98%) out of 544 questionnaires. The patients reported 1360 partners, 2.5 on average, 1129 were identified. 761 had a known test result and 497 of them were positive, 0.9 on average. 72% of the contact tracers evaluated the sexual history > or = 12 months back in time. 78% of the contact tracings were performed by four social workers. Their patients reported 2.5 partners on average and 80% evaluated > or = 12 months back in time. 14 persons did only one contact tracing, 1.3 partners/index on average, 40% evaluated > or = 12 months back in time. 82% of the partners had sex with the infected patient 0-6 months before the patients was diagnosed with C. trachomatis, 75% out of those with a known test result were infected, 16% had sex 7-12 months before diagnosis, 30% infected. (The C. trachomatis prevalence in Sweden is estimated to be 2.7-4.9% among young women.) Conclusion: A few experienced persons tracing for at least 12 month back in time is probably two important reasons why Västerbotten has such a small C. trachomatis incidence.
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| 3. |
- Carré, Helena, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Improved contact tracing for Chlamydia trachomatis with experienced tracers, tracing for one year back in time and interviewing by phone in remote areas
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ publishing. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 84:3, s. 239-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the Swedish model for contact tracing and especiallythe "Västerbotten model" with centralised, extended contactinterview periods, sometimes by telephone.Methods: Using questionnaires, the contact tracing and interview procedurewas evaluated during 2002, followed by an evaluation of contactinterviewing by phone in 2005–6.Results: Patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infection reportedon average 2.5 sexual contacts, 3.0 contacts when contact interviewingwas performed at the clinic, and 2.3 contacts when performedby phone. 65% of the sexual contacts with a known test resultwere infected.Conclusion: Centralised contact tracing, exploring the sexual history forat least 12 months back in time, shows good results. Combinedwith screening of certain risk groups it is probably one effectiveway of preventing C trachomatis infections. Preventing C trachomatisby primary prevention such as information and counselling is,however, still of great importance.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mellenius, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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[Mycoplasma genitalium should be suspected in unspecific urethritis and cervicitis. A study from Vasterbotten confirms the high prevalence of the bacteria]
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 102:47, s. 3538-3541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microbe Mycoplasma genitalium has in several studies been proposed as an individual cause of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men, and has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and salpingitis. The prevalence of M genitalium has generally been 50-90% of the prevalence of C trachomatis, and this seems to be the case in Sweden as well. This is the first study of the pathogenesis and prevalence of M genitalium in northern Sweden. In total 823 samples, 340 from women and 483 from men, were screened for M genitalium by using a PCR method. Thirtythree (4.0%) patients, 13 (3.8%) women and 20 (4.1%) men, were infected by M genitalium. In the same group 60 (7.3%) patients, 16 (4.7%) women and 44 (9.1%) men, were infected by Chlamydia trachomatis. None of the 22 patients that were tested after treatment with azitromycin was still infected.
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| 6. |
- Pettersson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Outbreak of Puumala virus infection, Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Emerging infectious diseases. - 1080-6059. ; 14:5, s. 808-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An unexpected and large outbreak of Puumala virus infection in Sweden resulted in 313 nephropathia epidemica patients/100,000 persons in Västerbotten County during 2007. An increase in the rodent population, milder weather, and less snow cover probably contributed to the outbreak.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sanz, Ruy, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of Well-Ordered High-Aspect-Ratio Nanopore Arrays in TiO2 Single Crystals
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 6:5, s. 1065-1068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work a successful method for producing high-aspect-ratio nanopatterned single-crystal TiO2 is presented. The method used is based on nanolithography involving swift heavy ion bombardment through a porous anodic alumina mask. Nanopatterning of large areas allows for fabrication of new devices, for example, photonic crystals and electrodes for energy storage and conversion. Crystalline TiO2 also presents optimal characteristics for optical and catalysis applications. Samples were irradiated by MeV Br7+ ions with fluencies ranging from 7.9 × 1013 to 1.2 × 1015 cm-2. The high-energy Br7+ ions induce latent tracks of amorphous material into the TiO2 crystal suitable for selective etching by hydrofluoric acid. High-aspect-ratio (16) nanopatterned areas, up to 4 mm2, were obtained in a single radiation spot onto single-crystalline TiO2.
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| 9. |
- Sanz, Ruy, et al.
(författare)
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Well-ordered nanopore arrays in rutile TiO2 single crystals by swift heavy ion-beam lithography
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 18:30, s. 305303-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion track lithography has been applied for transferring the self-ordered nanopattern of porous anodic alumina to single-crystalline rutile TiO2 substrates. As a result, nanometre resolved arrays have been fabricated with an aspect ratio ranging from 5 to 16, over areas of several square millimetres. Differences in the expected aspect ratio of the resulting nanopores in rutile TiO2 single crystals are analysed and discussed. Some of these differences may be ascribed to varying densities of the mask material.
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| 10. |
- Skupinski, Marek, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon nanopillar array deposition on SiO2 by ion irradiation through a porous alumina template
- 2007
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 82:3, s. 359-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for producing ordered carbon nanopillar arrays is presented. The method is based on ion irradiation through a small anodic porous alumina membrane, resulting in carbon deposition within the centers of the pores on a gold covered SiO2/Si substrate. Samples were irradiated by 4 MeV Cl2+ ions with fluences of . The combined use of pick’n place positioning of the small porous alumina templates and ion beam irradiation is well suited for post-processing on silicon based integrated circuits. It provides fast local deposition at low temperature of high-density ordered carbon nanopillar arrays in larger silicon based systems, e.g., for field emitting or biosensors applications.
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