| 1. |
- McGaha, TL, et al.
(författare)
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FcgammaRIIB deficiency leads to autoimmunity and a defective response to apoptosis in Mrl-MpJ mice
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 180:8, s. 5670-5679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data suggests that modulation of FcγRIIB expression represents a significant risk factor for the development of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated this notion in mice that possess genetics permissible for the development of autoimmunity. To this end, Mrl-MpJ Fcgr2b−/− mice were monitored for the development of autoreactivity. We found that FcγRIIB deficiency led to chronic B cell activation associated with increased germinal center and plasma cell accumulation in the spleen. Likewise, Mrl-MpJ Fcgr2b−/− mice exhibited significant serum IgG reactivity against DNA. We further analyzed the IgG isotype contribution to the anti-dsDNA response and found increases in all subtypes with the exception of IgG3. In particular, we found large increases in IgG1 and IgG2b autoreactivity correlating with significant increases in immune complex deposition and kidney pathology. Finally, we found dendritic cells derived from Mrl-MpJ Fcgr2b−/− mice greatly increased IL-12 expression upon coincubation with apoptotic thymocytes compared with wild-type controls. The results indicate that FcγRIIB is an important regulator of peripheral tolerance and attenuation of the inhibitory signal it provides enhances autoimmune disease on susceptible backgrounds. Additionally, the data indicates FcγRIIB function has a significant impact on APC activity, suggesting a prominent role in dendritic cell activity in response to interaction with particulate autoantigens.
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| 2. |
- Cunningham, Gary, et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for Sustainability: What Next? A research agenda
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Annals of The University of Oradea. - Romania. - 1582-5450. ; , s. 97-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rezumat: This paper responds to increasing calls for more and different forms of accounting research involvement in accounting for sustainability. It seeks to provide background, clarify the accounting research issues, and suggest research methods. The background analysis indicates that accounting for sustainability must go beyond supplemental reporting of ecological and social information to include such emerging issues as integrated reporting of sustainability information along with financial reporting. Additional emerging issues are needs of users of sustainability reports, auditing and other assurance of sustainability information, and sustainability implications of financial failure, accounting and auditing failures, and lack of enforcement. Analysis of integrated reporting against traditional financial accounting theory concepts of the purpose of financial reporting and the postulates of going concern, reporting entity, monetary unit, and time period, indicates a need for substantial changes in the traditional financial accounting model if sustainability issues are to be integrated. The agenda concludes with five research issues and methods:An accounting research framework for sustainability using general systems theory approaches that have been useful for similar emerging issues.Reporting of sustainability information which has been the focus of most research to date, and the emerging important topic of integrated reporting.Users of sustainable information, their uses and perceived needs, an area that has been largely neglected in research to date.Auditing and assurance issues that are taking on greater importance as more users demand assurance for sustainability information. Issues include standards to be used and users expectations and reactions.Financial distress and sustainability consequences of accounting and enforcement failures that are just now being recognized as sustainability issues.Cuvinte cheie: accounting for sustainability, integrated reporting, needs of users, audit, assuranceCod JEL: M41, O16, M42
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| 3. |
- Waldmann, Patrik
(författare)
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Misidentification of runs of homozygosity islands in cattle caused by interference with copy number variation or large intermarker distances
- 2018
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Ingår i: Genetics Selection Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0999-193X .- 1297-9686. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands are stretches of homozygous sequence in the genome of a large proportion of individuals in a population. Algorithms for the detection of ROH depend on the similarity of haplotypes. Coverage gaps and copy number variants (CNV) may result in incorrect identification of such similarity, leading to the detection of ROH islands where none exists. Misidentified hemizygous regions will also appear as homozygous based on sequence variation alone. Our aim was to identify ROH islands influenced by marker coverage gaps or CNV, using Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777 K) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for Austrian Brown Swiss,Tyrol Grey and Pinzgauer cattle.Methods: ROH were detected using clustering, and ROH islands were determined from population inbreeding levels for each marker. CNV were detected using a multivariate copy number analysis method and a hidden Markov model. SNP coverage gaps were defined as genomic regions with intermarker distances on average longer than 9.24 kb. ROH islands that overlapped CNV regions (CNVR) or SNP coverage gaps were considered as potential artefacts. Permutation tests were used to determine if overlaps between CNVR with copy losses and ROH islands were due to chance. Diversity of the haplotypes in the ROH islands was assessed by haplotype analyses.Results: In Brown Swiss, Tyrol Grey and Pinzgauer, we identified 13, 22, and 24 ROH islands covering 26.6, 389.0 and 35.8 Mb, respectively, and we detected 30, 50 and 71 CNVR derived from CNV by using both algorithms, respectively. Overlaps between ROH islands, CNVR or coverage gaps occurred for 7, 14 and 16 ROH islands, respectively. About 37, 44 and 52% of the ROH islands coverage in Brown Swiss, Tyrol Grey and Pinzgauer, respectively, were affected by copy loss. Intersections between ROH islands and CNVR were small, but significantly larger compared to ROH islands at random locations across the genome, implying an association between ROH islands and CNVR. Haplotype diversity for reliable ROH islands was lower than for ROH islands that intersected with copy loss CNVR.Conclusions: Our findings show that a significant proportion of the ROH islands in the bovine genome are artefacts due to CNV or SNP coverage gaps.
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| 4. |
- Anioke, Chidera Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Multipaths’ statistics for scatterers with inverted elliptic–parabolic spatial density around the mobile
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Communication. - : Elsevier. - 1874-4907 .- 1876-3219. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The joint and marginal probability densities of multipaths’ angles-of-arrival (AOA) and times-of-arrival (TOA) at the cellular base station are developed in closed form in this paper. Unlike the general simplification assumption in the open literature in which the scatterers are assumed to be located in a circular region for non-uniform spatial densities, the scatterers in this paper are assumed to be located in an elliptical region to properly model the elliptical footprint around the mobile station from the elevated base station with directional antenna. The inverted elliptic–parabolic spatial density was adopted to model the non-uniform distribution of the scatterers around the mobile. The uplink’s AOA–TOA joint distributions, AOA and TOA marginal distributions were analytically derived in closed form. How the eccentricity of the elliptical scatterer region affects the probability density functions is discussed. Furthermore, the derived AOA marginal distribution is compared to that of the elliptic conic and inverted parabolic models. The proposed model is shown to have better least-squares fit to some empirical AOA data compared to the elliptic conic and inverted parabolic models.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Blumi, Isa
(författare)
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Yemen’s destruction, a global catastrophe
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The war in Yemen is far more than just a political struggle. The political struggle does not even begin to capture a fraction of what the conflict is really about.
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| 8. |
- Blümke, A., et al.
(författare)
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Oviposition pattern and behaviour of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera Diprionidae)
- 1997
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Entomological Research. - 0007-4853. ; 87:3, s. 231-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential role of oviposition deterrents in the egglaying behaviour of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) females was studied by investigation of natural egg distribution, and by a laboratory study of potential oviposition deterrents. Pine shoots were sampled from different whorls on the sun-exposed and the shaded side of trees. More shoots with eggs from two or more females were found than would be expected if each female laid eggs on a randomly chosen shoot. The anti-predatory larval oral secretion of N. sertifer had no effect on N. sertifer egglaying but acted as an oviposition deterrent to Diprion pini in laboratory experiments. The different responses may be due to differences in the species' life-cycles. In other experiments, the effect of the presence of N. sertifer eggs, extracts obtained from eggs or from needles with eggs, were all tested on N. sertifer egglaying. None of the treatments had any inhibitory effect on egglaying. Thus, neither the natural pattern of egg distribution nor the results of the laboratory experiments indicated that an oviposition deterring pheromone is used by N. sertifer. Results from earlier studies, showing a deterrent effect of larval oral secretion in D. pini, were confirmed.
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| 9. |
- Christensen, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Weight Maintenance on Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis in Obese Patients: A Twelve-Month Randomized Controlled Trial 1
- 2015
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Ingår i: Arthritis Care and Research. - : Wiley. - 2151-4658 .- 2151-464X. ; 67:5, s. 640-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To compare results of obese patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who, after an intensive weight loss regimen, received 1 year of either dietary support (D), a knee-exercise program (E), or "no attention" (C; control group). Methods. We conducted a randomized, 2-phase, parallel-group trial. A total of 192 obese participants with knee OA were enrolled; the mean age was 62.5 years and 81% were women with a mean entry weight of 103.2 kg. In phase 1, all participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups and began a dietary regimen of 400-810 and 1,250 kcal/day for 16 weeks (2 8-week phases) to achieve a major weight loss. Phase 2 consisted of 52 weeks' maintenance in either group D, E, or C. Outcomes were changes from randomization in pain on a 100-mm visual analog scale, weight, and response according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology-Osteoarthritis Research Society International criteria. Results. Mean weight loss for phase 1 was 12.8 kg. After 1 year on maintenance therapy, the D group sustained a lower weight (11.0 kg, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.0, 12.8 kg) than those in the E (6.2, 95% CI 4.4, 8.1 kg) and C (8.2, 95% CI 6.4, 10.1 kg) groups (P = 0.002 by analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]). Adherence was low in the E group. All groups had statistically significant pain reduction (D: 6.1; E: 5.6; and C: 5.5 mm) with no difference between groups (P = 0.98 by ANCOVA). In each group 32 (50%), 26 (41%), and 33 (52%) participants responded to treatment in the D, E, and C groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in the number of responders (P = 0.41). Conclusion. A significant weight reduction with a 1-year maintenance program improves knee OA symptoms irrespective of maintenance program.
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| 10. |
- Corneel de Roos, Hans
(författare)
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Castle Dracula : Its Exact Location Reconstructed from Stoker's Novel, His Research Notes and Contemporary Maps
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bram Stoker's novel Dracula was published in 1897. In ten weeks, the centenary of Stoker's death will be commemorated. Today, Dracula is one of the best-known narratives worldwide. Since the 1970's, a wealth of secondary literature has developed. Several annotated editions of the novel have been published, as well as Stoker's personal research notes. The location of the vampire's headquarters, Castle Dracula, however, could not be reconstructed until now. Rather, it is generally assumed Stoker had no exact position in mind while writing the story.Based on the novel's travel descriptions, this paper will narrow down the Castle's territory with the help of modern satellite-based maps, interactive route navigators and high-resolution scans of contemporary military maps of Transylvania and Moldavia, until only two mountain peaks remain. An analysis of Stokers notes will reveal that Stoker's actually had one of these two peaks in mind while designing the final chapters of his book, but choose not to mention its name:Mount Izvorul Călimanului, 2,033 m high, located in the Transylvanian Kelemen Alps near the border with Romania, at 47°08'03" North, 25°17'19" East.
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