| 1. |
- Chaplin-Kramer, R., et al.
(författare)
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Transformation for inclusive conservation : Evidence on values, decisions, and impacts in protected areas
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As countries consider new area-based conservation targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity, protected areas (PAs) and their impacts on people and nature are coming under increasing scrutiny. We review the evidence base on PA impacts, combining the findings from existing rigorous impact evaluations with local case studies developed for this study. We identify characteristics of PA establishment and management that improve the sustainability of biodiversity conservation and justice for local communities. We find that recognizing and respecting local values and knowledge about natural resource stewardship, colearning, and comanagement are key to achieving positive impacts for nature and people. Transforming PA governance toward more inclusive conservation depends upon the ability of PAs to be designed and implemented around the values and needs of local people.
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| 2. |
- Concannon, T. W., et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholder engagement in the design and conduct of pragmatic randomized trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trials. Using Primary Data Collection & Electronic Health Records. Cynthia J. Girman and Mary Elizabeth Ritchey (red.). - : Academic Press. - 9780128176634 ; , s. 33-45
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A formal definition of “stakeholder” is “any individual or organization who is responsible for or affected by health-related decisions that can be informed by evidence.” In this chapter, we describe a fit-for-purpose approach to stakeholder engagement throughout the planning, development, and use of evidence from pragmatic clinical trials (pRCTs). We offer guidance on how to identify the aims of engagement, the stakeholders who will be involved, the roles in which they will participate, and by what modes they will interact with others on the team. We have seen growing commitments to stakeholder-engaged research in part because we believe it can help us create new evidence that is relevant to patients and other decision makers, research methods that are more transparent to decision makers, and findings that are useable in a wider range of settings. These beliefs need to be put to the test with carefully designed evaluations that assess what has been done in engagement work, how well it has been done, and what impact it has had. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Gangannagaripalli, J., et al.
(författare)
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A Standard Set of Value-Based Patient-Centered Outcomes and Measures of Overall Health in Adults
- 2022
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Ingår i: Patient-Patient Centered Outcomes Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1178-1653 .- 1178-1661. ; 15:3, s. 341-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The definition of population-specific outcomes is an essential precondition for the implementation of value-based health care. We developed a minimum standard outcome set for overall adult health (OAH) to facilitate the implementation of value-based health care in tracking, comparing, and improving overall health care outcomes of adults across multiple conditions, which would be of particular relevance for primary care and public health populations. Methods The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international panel (patients, clinicians, and topic experts). Following the development of a conceptual framework, a modified Delphi method (supported by public consultations) was implemented to identify, in sequence, the relevant domains, the best instruments for measuring them, the timing of measurement, and the relevant adjustment variables. Findings Outcomes were identified in relation to overall health status and the domains of physical, mental, and social health. Three instruments covering these domains were identified: PROMIS Scale v1.2-Global Health (10 items), WHO Wellbeing Index (5 items), and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (12 items). Case-mix variables included a range of sociodemographic and biometric measures. Yearly measurement was proposed for all outcomes and most case-mix variables. Interpretation The ICHOM OAH Standard Set has been developed through consensus-based methods based on predefined criteria following high standards for the identification and selection of high-quality measures The involvements of a wide range of stakeholders supports the acceptability of the set, which is readily available for use and feasibility testing in clinical settings.
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| 4. |
- Hailer, Yasmin D., 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology and patient-reported measurement outcome of pelvic fractures in children and adolescents : A population-based cohort study from the Swedish fracture register
- 2024
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 55:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose:Pediatric pelvic fractures are uncommon, representing 0.2-3% of total pediatric fractures. The long-term patient-reported outcome in the pediatric population has not been evaluated yet. The purpose of the study was to describe the epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular fractures in pediatric patients including long-term patient-reported outcomes.Patients and methods:The Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) was used to identify all patients aged 6-17 years at injury with a pelvic fracture between 2015 and 2021. All patients were invited to answer Patient-Reported measurement instruments in 2021.Results:The study cohort consisted of 223 patients with a median age at fracture of 15 years and with 62 % boys. 201 sustained a pelvic and 22 acetabular fractures. Falls were the leading cause of fracture, followed by transport accidents. Most fractures (both pelvis and acetabulum) were type A (73 %), and 21 fractures (9 %) could not be classified according to AO. 85 % of fractures were treated non-surgically. All Type C fractures were treated surgically. Seven PROMIS (R) profile domains were completed by 31 % of the sample at a mean follow-up time of 3.5 years after pelvic/acetabular fracture. Most patients had "no concern" or "mild concern" but those who had surgery had an inferior t-score in most domains.Conclusion:Most fractures occurred in older individuals, with falls during sports activities being the most common cause. This raises important questions about prevention strategies. The PROMIS-Pain-Interference scale indicated that the younger the age at fracture, the more pain was reported at follow-up.
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| 5. |
- Hon, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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A close-in giant planet escapes engulfment by its star
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 618:7967, s. 917-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When main-sequence stars expand into red giants, they are expected to engulf close-in planets(1-5). Until now, the absence of planets with short orbital periods around post-expansion, core-helium-burning red giants(6-8) has been interpreted as evidence that short-period planets around Sun-like stars do not survive the giant expansion phase of their host stars(9). Here we present the discovery that the giant planet 8 Ursae Minoris b(10) orbits a core-helium-burning red giant. At a distance of only 0.5 au from its host star, the planet would have been engulfed by its host star, which is predicted by standard single-star evolution to have previously expanded to a radius of 0.7 au. Given the brief lifetime of helium-burning giants, the nearly circular orbit of the planet is challenging to reconcile with scenarios in which the planet survives by having a distant orbit initially. Instead, the planet may have avoided engulfment through a stellar merger that either altered the evolution of the host star or produced 8 Ursae Minoris b as a second-generation planet(11). This system shows that core-helium-burning red giants can harbour close planets and provides evidence for the role of non-canonical stellar evolution in the extended survival of late-stage exoplanetary systems.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kim, HyeJin, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a better future for biodiversity and people : Modelling Nature Futures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) is a heuristic tool for co-creating positive futures for nature and people. It seeks to open up a diversity of futures through mainly three value perspectives on nature - Nature for Nature, Nature for Society, and Nature as Culture. This paper describes how the NFF can be applied in modelling to support decision-making. First, we describe key considerations for the NFF in developing qualitative and quantitative scenarios: i) multiple value perspectives on nature as a state space where pathways improving nature toward a frontier can be represented, ii) mutually reinforcing key feedbacks of social-ecological systems that are important for nature conservation and human wellbeing, iii) indicators of multiple knowledge systems describing the evolution of complex social-ecological dynamics. We then present three approaches to modelling Nature Futures scenarios in the review, screening, and design phases of policy processes. This paper seeks to facilitate the integration of relational values of nature in models and strengthen modelled linkages across biodiversity, nature's contributions to people, and quality of life.
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| 8. |
- Li, X. T., et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality-of-life among patients with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 29, s. 19-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To systematically review studies investigating health-related quality-of-life (HrQoL) in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), to examine questionnaires used and to conduct a meta-analysis of control studies with normal ovarian function. Methods Data sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of science, CNKI, and CQVIP, searched from inception until June 2018. The search strategy was a combination of medical (e.g. POI), subjective (e.g. well-being) and methodological (e.g. questionnaires) keywords. PRISMA guidelines were used to assess outcome data quality/validity by one reviewer, verified by a second reviewer. Risk of bias within studies was evaluated. A meta-analysis compared HrQoL in patients and non-patients. Due to measurement differences in the studies, the effect size was calculated as standard mean difference. Results We identified 6869 HrQoL studies. Nineteen geographically diverse studies met inclusion criteria, dated from 2006, using 23 questionnaires. The meta-analysis included six studies with 645 POI participants (age 33.3±5.47) and 492 normal-ovarian control subjects (age 32.87±5.61). Medium effect sizes were found for lower overall HrQoL (pooled SMD=−0.73, 95% CI −0.94, −0.51; I2 =54%) and physical function (pooled SMD=−0.54, 95% CI −0.69, −0.39; I2 =55%). Heterogeneity was investigated. Effect sizes varied for sexual function depending on the measure (SMD=−0.27 to −0.74), overall HrQoL (SF-36) had the largest effect size (−0.93) in one study. The effect sizes for psychological and social HrQoL were small. Conclusion POI is associated with low-to-medium effect size on HrQoL compared to normal ovarian controls. The greatest effects are found in general HrQoL and most sexual function areas. Condition-specific questionnaires and RCTs are recommended for further investigation.
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| 9. |
- Mitchell, James W., et al.
(författare)
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Development of an International Standard Set of Outcomes and Measurement Methods for Routine Practice for Adults with Epilepsy: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Consensus Recommendations
- 2024
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Ingår i: EPILEPSIA. - 0013-9580 .- 1528-1167.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, there is no internationally accepted set of core outcomes or measurement methods for epilepsy clinical practice. Therefore, the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group of experts in epilepsy, people with epilepsy and their representatives to develop minimum sets of standardized outcomes and outcomes measurement methods for clinical practice that support patient-clinician decision-making and quality improvement. Consensus methods identified 20 core outcomes. Measurement tools were recommended based on their evidence of strong clinical measurement properties, feasibility, and cross-cultural applicability. The essential outcomes included many non-seizure outcomes: anxiety, depression, suicidality, memory and attention, sleep quality, functional status, and the social impact of epilepsy. The proposed set will facilitate the implementation of the use of patient-centered outcomes in daily practice, ensuring holistic care. They also encourage harmonization of outcome measurement, and if widely implemented should reduce the heterogeneity of outcome measurement, accelerate comparative research, and facilitate quality improvement efforts.
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