| 1. |
- Bennett, M, et al.
(författare)
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Joint application of Doppler Lidar and differential absorption lidar to estimate the atomic mercury flux from a chlor-alkali plant
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 40:4, s. 664-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have combined differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements of mercury concentrations downwind of a chloralkali plant (Rosignano Solvay) with measurements of wind profiles made with a Doppler Lidar based on modern fibreoptic technology. Since the flux of pollutant is equal to the cross-wind integral of the product of concentration and wind speed, this should permit us to make a more precise estimate of the fugitive emission of mercury from the plant than could be obtained by using anemometer measurements of the wind. The flux was estimated to be 54g Hgh(-1) using an anemometer on the plant building; 49g Hgh(-1) using an anemometer on a nearby 10m mast; and 48g Hgh(-1) using wind speed corrections estimated from the Doppler Lidar measurements. Because of difficulties with the range resolution of the Doppler Lidar, the precision of this estimate was not as good as it should have been, though the difference from the rooftop anemometer remains statistically significant. Corrections of this magnitude are irrelevant to the Rosignano plant, where the emission rate varies strongly with the meteorological conditions. Where a precise estimate of a steady flux is required, however, reliable measurements of the wind profile in the wake of the source are essential. Doppler Lidar provides a possible method for acquiring such measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Grönlund, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Elemental mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants measured by lidar techniques
- 2005
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:39, s. 7474-7480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) techniques have been utilized to measure elemental gaseous mercury fluxes from mercury cell chlor-alkali (MCCA) plants as a part of the European Union funded European mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants (EMECAP) project. Three plants have been selected as study objects and a total of six measurement campaigns have been performed, one intercalibration campaign and five flux evaluation campaigns, in both winter and summer. The measurements were carried out using the Swedish optical parametric oscillator-(OPO) based mobile lidar system developed at Lund Institute of Technology. The study shows large differences in the mercury emissions measured in winter or summer and at the different plants. The average values for the campaigns ranged from 6 g h(-1) in the winter campaign at the Swedish plant to 54 g h(-1) in the summer campaign at the Italian plant.
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| 3. |
- Grönlund, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Mercury emissions from the Idrija mercury mine measured by differential absorption lidar techniques and a point monitoring absorption spectrometer
- 2005
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:22, s. 4067-4074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury emission measurements from the ldrija mercury mine in Slovenia were performed during an early November 2003 campaign, where the differential lidar technique was used to map mercury concentrations and an attempt was made to quantify the total mercury flux from the most contaminated area, the abandoned cinnabar roasting oven complex. Lidar concentration data were compared with data recorded with a Zeeman modulated atomic absorption instrument, operated from a vehicle equipped with a GPS localization system. Concentrations and fluxes were comparatively low due to low temperature and rainfall. The average flux from the distillation plant was measured to approximately 2 g h(-1).
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| 4. |
- Rydell Karlsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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A nurse-based management program in heart failure patients affects females and persons with cognitive dysfunction most
- 2005
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Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 58:2, s. 146-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important that congestive heart failure (CHF) patients know how to monitor and manage disease-associated signs and symptoms. CHF patients were randomised to follow-up at a nurse-based outpatient clinic (intervention group (IG); n = 103), or to follow-up in primary healthcare (control group (CG); n = 105). Patient knowledge of CHF and self-care were assessed by a questionnaire and cognitive function by a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and at six months. Men knew more about CHF as compared to females at baseline (p < 0.01). However, females in the IG increased their knowledge of self-care between baseline and six months as compared to CG females (p < 0.05). Patients with cognitive dysfunction (MMSE < 24) presented lower scores on knowledge as compared to those with a MMSE of >24 at baseline (p < 0.01). These differences disappeared after the intervention. Thus, females seemed to gain more than men from a nurse-based management program and patients with in-hospital signs of cognitive dysfunction should be encouraged to participate.
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| 5. |
- Somesfalean, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Long-path monitoring of NO2 with a 635 nm diode laser using frequency-modulation spectroscopy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 44:24, s. 5148-5151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ monitoring of traffic-generated nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions using long-path absorption spectroscopy is reported. High-sensitivity detection of NO2 is achieved by employing two-tone frequencymodulation spectroscopy at a visible absorption band using a tunable high-power diode laser operated around 635 nm. A real-time absorption spectrometer is accomplished by repetitively applying a rectangular current pulse to the diode-laser operating current, allowing detection of isolated NO2 absorption lines. A detection limit of 10 mu g/m(3) for NO2 at atmospheric pressure using a 160 m absorption path is demonstrated. Continuous monitoring of NO2 over a road intersection at peak traffic is performed.
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