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- Grönlund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal microalgae variation in a subarctic wastewater stabilization pond using chemcial precipitation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Vatten. - 0042-2886. ; 60:4, s. 239-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface water microalgae samples were collected during the ice-free period in a small subarctic wastewater stabilization pond system, complemented with chemical precipitation during the winter period (fellingsdam), and serving 310 persons. In the primary pond microalgae dominance alternated between the Cryptophyte Cryptomonas and green algae (Chlorophyta). In the second and third pond the general pattern was that Cryptomonas dominated during summer but was replaced by green algae in autumn and the following spring. Estimations of the microalgae part of the effluent COD and phosphorus showed that microalgae dominated these parameters for only 3-4 weeks of 12 evaluated. This does not support the reasoning behind the European Union directive of the use of filtered samples for effluent BOD, COD and SS from stabilization ponds, in contrast to other wastewater treatment methods. The reasons behind the EU's procedure for ponds are based on the assumption that stabilization ponds convert "sewage BOD" to "algal BOD". The results of this study suggest that further investigations of the microalgae function in subarctic wastewater stabilization ponds and fellingsdams should be conducted, before implementing the EC directive into Swedish law, or into similar laws in other countries with subarctic regions.
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- Grönlund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability of wastewater treatment with microalgae in cold climate, evaluated with emergy and socio-ecological principles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 22:3, s. 155-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sustainability of a microalgae wastewater treatment plant model (ALGA), assumed serving a small Swedish town with 10,000 inhabitants at latitude 60°N, was tested by comparing it to a conventional three-step treatment plant (WWTP), and a mechanical and chemical treatment plant (TP) complemented with a constructed wetland (TP + CW). Using two assessment methods—the socio-ecological principles method and emergy analysis—the ALGA model considered to have a better position for sustainable development, than the other two. In emergy terms the ALGA model had about half the resource use of the other two alternatives, and used most local free environmental resources, four times the TP + CW, and 100 times the WWTP. The violations against the second and third socio-ecological principles were considered equal for the three alternatives, the fourth was estimated to be in favor of the ALGA model, and the first principle was calculated to be in favor of the ALGA model with about eight times lower indicator value sum. Recirculation of nutrients back to society or production of economically viable products from the treatment by-products would strongly influence the sustainability. The ALGA model has a potential advantage due to interesting biochemical contents in the microalgae biomass, depending on what species will become dominating.
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- Karstadt, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Två språk hemma
- 2003
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Ingår i: Sverigekontakt. - 0346-2439.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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