| 1. |
- Garvill, Jörgen, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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A note on information processing in cross-modal matching
- 1975
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Garvill, J., and Molander, B. A note on information processing in cross-modal matching. Umeå Psychological Re-.ports No. 95, 1975. - Intra-modal and cross-modal matching of farm was studied. The hypothesis that differences in accuracy between modality conditions found in earlier experiments were due to differences in rate of information pick-up between the visual and tactual modalities was tested. The modality conditions were visual standard or tactual standard and visual comparison or tactual comparison. The subjfects made paired comparisons of three-dimensional "nonsense" objects and were allowed to inspect the stimili for as long as they wanted. The time was measured for the standard object and the comparison object. It was found that the visual modality had a higher rate of information pick-up tharij the tactual modality. However, the differences in accuracy between the modality conditions were not eliminated despite the differences in presentation time. Other possible explanations of the differences in accuracy are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Garvill, Jörgen, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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A note on the relation between cross-modal transfer of learning and cross-modal matching
- 1977
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Garvill, J., and Molander, B. A note on the relation between cross-modal transfer of learning and cross-modal matching. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 126, 1977. - Cross-modal transfer of learning was studied in a paradigm that closely parallels the one used for studying intra-modal and cross-modal Hatching. The hypotheses that (1) the asymmetric transfer effects found in studies of cross-modal transfer of learning and in studies of intra-modal and eros s-modal Hatching are compatible and (2) that they can be explained in terms of differences in information processing capacity between the visual and the tactual modality were tested. The results supported the hypotheses. It was also found that the amount of cross-modal transfer as well as the asymmetry of transfer are affected by letting the subjects practice the transfer task on each trial.
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| 3. |
- Garvill, Jörgen, 1942-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of interference on intra-modal and cross-modal matching of form
- 1977
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Garvill, J., and Molander, B. Effects of interference on intra-modal and cross-modal matching of form. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 124, 1977. - This experiment was designed to test two hypotheses concerning differential memory for visually and tactually acquired information in intranodal and cross-modal matching of form. The intra-modal conditions were VV (visual standard, visual comparison)and TT (tactual standard, tactual comparison). The cross-modal conditions were VT (visual standard tactual comparison) and TV (tactual standard, visual comparison). Between the standard stimulus and comparison stimulus either an unfilled interval or a visual matching task or a tactual matching task was interpolated. The first hypothesis suggests that the memory traces for tactually acquired information are less stable than those for visually acquired information and thus more sensitive to interference. According to the second hypothesis there are modality specific memory storages and the information acquired are coded and stored in the memory for the comparison modality.This hypothesis predicts interference only when the interfering task is presented in the same modality as the comparison stimulus. The results gave clear evidence of interference. However, the interference effects were the same regardless of standard modality, comparison modality or kind of interference. Thus, the results suggest a common form of storage for visual and tactual information.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Molander, Bo, 1940-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of first stage variations of stimulus meaningfulness and response meaningfulness in the A-B, B-C, A-C paradigm
- 1975
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Molander, B., and Garvill, J. Effects of first stage variations of stimulus meaningfulness and response meaningfulness in the A-B, B-C, A-C paradigm. Uneå Psychological Reports, No. 85, 1975. - With CVC-syllables as low meaningfulness material and common nouns as high meaningfulness material, two levels of stimulus meaningfulness and two levels of response meaningfulness were corrbined to form the four first stage conditions HH, LH, HL and LL in the A-B, B-C, A-C paradigm. The results of the experiment, which was performed according to standard PA learning procedures, indicated that stimulus meaningfulness as well as response meaningfulness contributed to the mediation effects in stage three. The mediation effects, however, seemed to be directly related to first stage performance rather than to meaningfulness per se. The results also suggested that intra-pair and intralist similarity may be important acquisition variables in studies on mediation.
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| 6. |
- Molander, Bo, 1940-, et al.
(author)
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Response-induced imagery in cross-modal transfer of form discrimination
- 1977
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Molander, B., and Garvill, J. Response-induced imagery in eros s-modal transfer of form discrimination. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 127, 1977. - In a cross-modal transfer experiment subjects learned to associate forais varying in imagery value with three-dimensional objects which were presented either visually or tactually.After training in one modality transfer was tested in the other modality. It was hypothesized that verbal labels facilitate tactual stimulus encoding more than visual stimulus encoding and that this facilitation is more pronounced with high-imagery labels as compared to low-imagery labels. The results showed that transfer in the tactual-visual order was superior to transfer in the visual-tactual order and that the size of this asynmetry was the same for both types of labels. These results are taken to indicate that imagery is of minor importance as a mediating process in the cross-modal transfer of form discrimination.
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| 7. |
- Molander, Bo, et al.
(author)
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The invariance of asymmetric cross-modal transfer effects
- 1977
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Molander, B., and Garvill, J. The invariance of asymmetric cross-modal transfer effects. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 125, 1977. - In two experiments cross-modal transfer as a function of amount of first modality training was investigated. Subjects learned to associate numbers with three-dimensional objects which were presented either visually or tactually. After training in one of the modalities transfer was tested in the other modality. In the first experiment the transfer test was conducted after 4, 8, 12, 18, or 36 trials of training and in the second experiment it was conducted after learning 100 %, 150 %, or 200 %. Transfer in the tactual-visual order was superior to transfer in the visual-tactual order in all training conditions, and the magnitude of the effect was the same. The results suggest that learning factors are of minor importance as causes to the asymmetry between modalities and that it is more fruitful to concentrate on perceptual factors.
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