| 1. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 2. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625, s. 329-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.
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| 3. |
- Byskov, Camilla S., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment plan comparison of proton vs photon radiotherapy for lower-grade gliomas
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 2405-6316. ; 20, s. 98-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Patients with lower-grade gliomas are long-term survivors after radiotherapy and may benefit from the reduced dose to normal tissue achievable with proton therapy. Here, we aimed to quantify differences in dose to the uninvolved brain and contralateral hippocampus and compare the risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer for photon and proton plans for lower-grade glioma patients. Materials and methods: Twenty-three patients were included in this in-silico planning comparative study and had photon and proton plans calculated (50.4 Gy(RBE = 1.1), 28 Fx) applying similar dose constraints to the target and organs at risk. Automatically calculated photon plans were generated with a 3 mm margin from clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume. Manual proton plans were generated using robust optimisation on the CTV. Dose metrics of organs at risk were compared using population mean dose-volume histograms and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Secondary cancer risk per 10,000 persons per year (PPY) was estimated using dose-volume data and a risk model for secondary cancer induction. Results: CTV coverage (V95%>98%) was similar for the two treatment modalities. Mean dose (D-mean) to the uninvolved brain was significantly reduced from 21.5 Gy (median, IQR 17.1-24.4 Gy) with photons compared to 10.3 Gy(RBE) (8.1-13.9 Gy(RBE)) with protons. D-mean to the contralateral hippocampus was significantly reduced from 6.5 Gy (5.4-11.7 Gy) with photons to 1.5 Gy(RBE) (0.4-6.8 Gy(RBE)) with protons. The estimated secondary cancer risk was reduced from 6.7 PPY (median, range 3.3-10.4 PPY) with photons to 3.0 PPY (1.3-7.5 PPY) with protons. Conclusion: A significant reduction in mean dose to uninvolved brain and contralateral hippocampus was found with proton planning. The estimated secondary cancer risk was reduced with proton therapy.
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| 4. |
- Egeberg, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Real-world dose adjustments of biologic treatments in psoriasis and their economic impact : a Swedish national population study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clincal and Experimental Dermatology. - : Wiley. - 0307-6938 .- 1365-2230. ; 47:11, s. 1968-1975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To date, evidence on the dose adjustments of biologics in the real-world treatment of psoriasis is limited. However, dose adjustments may have important clinical and economic implications. Aims To study the dose adjustments of individual biologics over time in real-world practice in Sweden. Methods A retrospective observational study of adults with moderate to severe psoriasis was conducted based on Swedish national registry data from 2010 to 2018. Treatment episodes were identified for individual patients from the date of drug dispensation to the end of the supply of the drug. Dosing data were expressed as the proportion of treatment episodes with accumulated syringes/vials equal to, above or below the recommended guidelines. Real-world costs were calculated and compared with costs predicted from dosing guidelines. Results The mean dose was above recommended levels for all biologics investigated. Weighted mean dose adjustments for adalimumab, etanercept, secukinumab and ustekinumab were 13%, 23%, 8% and 3%, respectively, over the entire treatment period. Higher doses translate to higher costs, including notable increases over time vs. expected costs for secukinumab. Conclusions Dose adjustments of biologics are frequent in clinical practice but differ for the various biologics. The mean observed increases in dose above guideline recommendations might indicate perceptions of suboptimal efficacy for biologics, with implications for the cost and cost-effectiveness of these treatments. Further research is warranted to understand the reasons for dose adjustments in clinical practice.
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| 5. |
- Hansen, Anne-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching for more-than-human perspectives in technology design – towards a pedagogical framework
- 2022
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Ingår i: Design for Adaptation Cumulus Conference Proceedings Detroit 2022. - Detroit, Michigan, USA : Cumulus Assosiation. - 9798218079017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This position paper presents the initial steps towards the development of a pedagogical framework on teaching for more-than-human perspectives in design targeting teachers at technology design programmes and courses in higher education. We build on the methodology applied in the [ref anonymised for blind review] project [ref anonymised] and the resulting [ref anonymised] OER (Open Educational Resource). The continuation of the project focuses on developing teaching activities that address more-than-human perspectives when teaching the next generation of responsible technology designers. In recent years there has been a growing awareness towards designing for more complex and holistic systems that include perspectives of nature and the more-than-human. As stated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals, to achieve sustainable development we need to address the three levels: people (society), profit (economy), and planet (biosphere) since they are all intertwined. Still, most of the design methods both professionally practiced and taught at technology design education are geared towards humans with particular focus on users through, for example, human-centred design and user experience design. Thus, there is a gap between methods taught to designers and what methods are needed to solve problems related to environmental and social sustainability by also addressing planetary perspectives. This paper puts forward the importance of challenging the dominating paradigm of technology design practices primarily focusing on people and profit, by also including planetary and more-than-human perspectives. Examples of existing practices and approaches for including and listening to more-than-human perspectives are presented. By building on the experiences gained from the [ref anonymised] project, we present a path towards a pedagogical approach for how practices of designing for more-than-human perspectives can be turned into teaching activities in technology design educations. In doing so, teachers become agents of change by creating conditions for students to grow into responsible designers of future technologies and play a role in driving adaptation towards a more sustainable future.
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| 6. |
- Haugen, Ida K., et al.
(författare)
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Development of radiographic classification criteria for hand osteoarthritis : a methodological report (Phase 2)
- 2022
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Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesIn Phase 1 of developing new hand osteoarthritis (OA) classification criteria, features associated with hand OA were identified in a population with hand complaints. Radiographic findings could better discriminate patients with hand OA and controls than clinical examination findings. The objective of Phase 2 was to achieve consensus on the features and their weights to be included in three radiographic criteria sets of overall hand OA, interphalangeal OA and thumb base OA.MethodsMultidisciplinary, international expert panels were convened. Patient vignettes were used to identify important features consistent with hand OA. A consensus-based decision analysis approach implemented using 1000minds software was applied to identify the most important features and their relative importance influencing the likelihood of symptoms being due to hand OA. Analyses were repeated for interphalangeal and thumb base OA. The reliability and validity of the proposed criteria sets were tested.ResultsThe experts agreed that the criteria sets should be applied in a population with pain, aching or stiffness in hand joint(s) not explained by another disease or acute injury. In this setting, five additional criteria were considered important: age, morning stiffness, radiographic osteophytes, radiographic joint space narrowing and concordance between symptoms and radiographic findings. The reliability and validity were very good.ConclusionRadiographic features were considered critical when determining whether a patient had symptoms due to hand OA. The consensus-based decision analysis approach in Phase 2 complemented the data-driven results from Phase 1, which will form the basis of the final classification criteria sets.
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| 7. |
- Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of a narwhal (Monodon monoceros) summer ground in Nares Strait
- 2024
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Ingår i: Polar Research. - 0800-0395 .- 1751-8369. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our limited knowledge of the marine mammal fauna in northernmost Greenland and Canada, specifically north of 80°N, relies largely on opportunistic observations collected during expeditions with different objectives. The narwhal (Monodon monoceros) migrates long distances in response to ice formation and decay and is notoriously skittish, avoiding areas with ice breakers. Scattered observations from the past 20 years, assessed together with historical observations after 1881, suggest that there is a population of narwhals that uses Hall Basin and its adjacent fjord systems—for example, Nares Strait—as a summer ground. Dating the tusks and bones that have been found shows that narwhals were present in this area as far back as nearly 7000 years ago. The wintering locations of these narwhals remain unknown, highlighting the need to investigate whether they are vulnerable to hunting activities in north-west Greenland. By gaining a better understanding of the narwhals’ winter behaviour and potential hunting risks, we can develop more informed conservation and management strategies for this population.
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| 8. |
- Nielsen, Rikke V., et al.
(författare)
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Personalized intervention based on early detection of atherosclerosis : JACC state-of-the-art review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 83:21, s. 2112-2127
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and challenges the capacity of health care systems globally. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathophysiological entity in two-thirds of patients with CVD. When considering that atherosclerosis develops over decades, there is potentially great opportunity for prevention of associated events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Subclinical atherosclerosis has been identified in its early stages in young individuals; however, there is no consensus on how to prevent progression to symptomatic disease. Given the growing burden of CVD, a paradigm shift is required—moving from late management of atherosclerotic CVD to earlier detection during the subclinical phase with the goal of potential cure or prevention of events. Studies must focus on how precision medicine using imaging and circulating biomarkers may identify atherosclerosis earlier and determine whether such a paradigm shift would lead to overall cost savings for global health.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Elisabet M., Associate professor in interaction design, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching More-than-human Perspectives in Design : A Pedagogical Pattern Mining Workshop
- 2024
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Ingår i: DIS'24: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems 2024. - New York, NY : ACM Digital Library. - 9798400706325
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why should we teach for more-than-human perspectives in design? With the rise of an increasing interest in various more-than-human perspectives in design research, it is time for the DIS community to consider how more-than-human perspectives can be integrated into the design and Human-computer interaction (HCI) curriculum. In this one-day workshop, we will invite participants to bring activities and materials from their own teaching of more-than-human perspectives in design (if you have no experience, you are also welcome). Through structured and facilitated reflections, these pedagogical activities and materials will be analysed and mapped to build an overview of existing practices, explore similarities between them, and articulate challenges that come with teaching more-than-human perspectives in design. The participants will be invited to continue sharing teaching practices after the workshop, to sustain the network and keep working towards a future curriculum for more-than-human in design.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Elisabet M., Senior lecturer in interaction design, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The Values Clustering Teaching Activity : A Case Study on Two Teachers’ Appropriations of Open Educational Resources for Teaching Values in Design
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of <em>the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction </em>. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450375795
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, we see an increased focus on the social and environ-mental responsibilities of designers when designing technologies.There are however few academic examples describing how to teachstudents to become responsible designers and engineers who areattentive to values in design. We are therefore developing teach-ing activities as open educational resources for teaching valuesin design to students in different kinds of engineering and designcourses and programs. The activities address values in differentphases of the design process. This case study article reports on theappropriation of a teaching activity by two university teachers. Theaim is to provide the reader with an insight into how a teachingactivity that we have developed can be appropriated in differenteducational settings, what the teachers’ perceived effectiveness ofthis activity is, and what kind of adaptations individual teachersmay need to make to fit them into their particular course.
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