| 1. |
- Buccirossi, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Leniency policies and illegal transactions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of public economics. - : Elsevier B.V. - 1879-2316 .- 0047-2727. ; 90:6, s. 1281-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the consequences of leniency—reduced legal sanctions for wrongdoers who spontaneously self-report to law enforcers—on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions, such as corruption, manager–auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is known that leniency helps deterring illegal relationships sustained by repeated interaction. Here we find that—when not properly designed—leniency may simultaneously provide an effective governance mechanism for occasional sequential illegal transactions that would not be feasible in its absence.
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| 2. |
- Deligkiozi, Ioanna, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and characterization of new azobenzene-containing bis pentacyanoferrate(II) stoppered push-pull [2]rotaxanes, with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin. Towards highly medium responsive dyes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dyes and pigments. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7208 .- 1873-3743. ; 113, s. 709-722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solvatochromic behavior of novel synthesized azo-containing viologen-based rotaxanes, combining push-pull linear and alpha or beta-cyclodextrin macrocyclic components is examined. These rotaxanes are stoppered by pentacyanoferrate(II) units. The latter stabilize these systems and furthermore act as strong electron donors. These units are linked to strong electron withdrawing viologen units thus giving rise to an exceptionally intense solvatochromic behavior. Suitable solvent polarity scales and Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSERs) were employed in order to rationalize the solvent polarity effects observed, both specific and non-specific ones. The results for the title compounds as well as their Cyclodextrin-Free-Dumbbell (CFD) like analogue, are compared to recent published solvatochromic data regarding similar smaller pentacyanoferrate(II) complexes as well as other highly solvatochromic compounds. Structural effects on the solvatochromic intensity as well as the contribution of different solvent-solute interactions are rationalized and quantified. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dórea, Fernanda C., et al.
(författare)
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Drivers for the development of an Animal Health Surveillance Ontology (AHSO)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 166:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive reviews of syndromic surveillance in animal health have highlighted the hindrances to integration and interoperability among systems when data emerge from different sources. Discussions with syndromic surveillance experts in the fields of animal and public health, as well as computer scientists from the field of information management, have led to the conclusion that a major component of any solution will involve the adoption of ontologies. Here we describe the advantages of such an approach, and the steps taken to set up the Animal Health Surveillance Ontological (AHSO) framework. The AHSO framework is modelled in OWL, the W3C standard Semantic Web language for representing rich and complex knowledge. We illustrate how the framework can incorporate knowledge directly from domain experts or from data-driven sources, as well as by integrating existing mature ontological components from related disciplines. The development and extent of AHSO will be community driven and the final products in the framework will be open-access.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bagloee, Saeed Asadi, et al.
(författare)
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A hybrid machine-learning and optimization method to solve bi-level problems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Expert Systems with Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0957-4174. ; 95, s. 142-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Bi-level optimization has widespread applications in many disciplines including management, economy, energy, and transportation. Because it is by nature a NP-hard problem, finding an efficient and reliable solution method tailored to large sized cases of specific types is of the highest importance. To this end, we develop a hybrid method based on machine-learning and optimization. For numerical tests, we set up a highly challenging case: a nonlinear discrete bi-level problem with equilibrium constraints in transportation science, known as the discrete network design problem. The hybrid method transforms the original problem to an integer linear programing problem based on a supervised learning technique and a tractable nonlinear problem. This methodology is tested using a real dataset in which the results are found to be highly promising. For the machine learning tasks we employ MATLAB and to solve the optimization problems, we use GAMS (with CPLEX solver).
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| 8. |
- Bagloee, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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A Mixed User-Equilibrium and System-Optimal Traffic Flow for Connected Vehicles Stated as a Complementarity Problem
- 2017
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Ingår i: Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Wiley. - 1093-9687 .- 1467-8667. ; 32:7, s. 562-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Connected vehicles (CVs), be they autonomous vehicles or a fleet of cargo carriers or Uber, are a matter of when they become a reality and not if. It is not unreasonable to think that CV technology may have a far-reaching impact, even to the genesis of a completely new traffic pattern. To this end, the literature has yet to address the routing behavior of the CVs, namely traffic assignment problem (TAP) (perhaps it is assumed, they ought to follow the traditional shortest possible paths, known as user equilibrium [UE]). It is possible that real-time data could be derived from the vehicles' communications that in turn could be used to achieve a better traffic circulation. In this article, we propose a mathematical formulation to ensure the CVs are seeking the system optimal (SO) principles, while the remainder continue to pursue the old-fashioned UE pattern. The model is formulated as a nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP). This article contributes to the literature in three distinct ways: (i) mathematical formulation for the CVs' routing, stated as a mixed UE-SO traffic pattern, is proposed; (ii) a variety of realistic features are explicitly considered in the solution to the TAP including road capacity, elastic demand, multiclass and asymmetric travel time; and (iii) formal proof of the existence and uniqueness of the solutions are also presented. The proposed methodology is applied to the networks of Sioux-Falls and Melbourne.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Peter
(författare)
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Adaptive Forgetting in Recursive Identification through Multiple Models
- 1984
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Ingår i: Analysis and Optimization of Systems. - New York : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0387135510 - 3540135510 - 3540135529 - 0387135529 ; , s. 171-185
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new recursive identification method, Adaptive Forgetting through Multiple Models — AFMM, is presented and evaluated using computer simulations. AFMM is especially suited for identification of systems with jumping parameters or parameters that change in an irregular fashion. It can be viewed as a particular way of implementing adaptive gains or adaptive forgetting factors for recursive identification. The new method essentialy consists of multiple Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithms running in parallel, each with a corresponding weighting factor. The simulations indicate that AFMM is able to track rapidly changing parameters well, and that the method is robust in several respects.
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| 10. |
- Grosser, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Fur seal microbiota are shaped by the social and physical environment, show mother-offspring similarities and are associated with host genetic quality
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 28:9, s. 2406-2422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite an increasing appreciation of the importance of host-microbe interactions in ecological and evolutionary processes, the factors shaping microbial communities in wild populations remain poorly understood. We therefore exploited a natural experiment provided by two adjacent Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) colonies of high and low social density and combined 16S rRNA metabarcoding with microsatellite profiling of mother-offspring pairs to investigate environmental and genetic influences on skin microbial communities. Seal-associated bacterial communities differed profoundly between the two colonies, despite the host populations themselves being genetically undifferentiated. Consistent with the hypothesis that social stress depresses bacterial diversity, we found that microbial alpha diversity was significantly lower in the high-density colony. Seals from one of the colonies that contained a stream also carried a subset of freshwater-associated bacteria, indicative of an influence of the physical environment. Furthermore, mothers and their offspring shared similar microbial communities, in support of the notion that microbes may facilitate mother-offspring recognition. Finally, a significant negative association was found between bacterial diversity and heterozygosity, a measure of host genetic quality. Our study thus reveals a complex interplay between environmental and host genetic effects, while also providing empirical support for the leash model of host control, which posits that bacterial communities are driven not only by bottom-up species interactions, but also by top-down host regulation. Taken together, our findings have broad implications for understanding host-microbe interactions as well as prokaryotic diversity in general.
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