| 1. |
- Aksoy, Samet, et al.
(författare)
-
Forest Biophysical Parameter Estimation via Machine Learning and Neural Network Approaches
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. - : IEEE. - 9798350320107 - 9798350320091 - 9798350331745 ; , s. 2661-2664
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the first results of the ongoing development of new forest mapping methods for the Swedish national forest mapping case using Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data, utilizing the recent findings in machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. We used Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) as ML models. In addition, Neural networks (NN) based approaches were utilized in this study. ALS derived features were used to estimate the stem volume (V), above-ground biomass (AGB), basal area (B), tree height (H), stem diameter (D), and forest stand age (A). XGBoost ML algorithm outperformed RF 1 % to 3 % in the R² metric. NN model performed similar to ML model, however it is superior in the estimation of V, AGB, and B parameters.
|
|
| 2. |
- Behar, Etienne, et al.
(författare)
-
Menura : A code for simulating the interaction between a turbulent solar wind and solar system bodies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 40:3, s. 281-297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the close relationship between planetary science and plasma physics, few advanced numerical tools allow bridging the two topics. The code Menura proposes a breakthrough towards the self-consistent modelling of these overlapping fields, in a novel two-step approach allowing for the global simulation of the interaction between a fully turbulent solar wind and various bodies of the solar system. This article introduces the new code and its two-step global algorithm, illustrated by a first example: the interaction between a turbulent solar wind and a comet.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Sinonasal outcome test-22 and peak nasal inspiratory flow : valuable tools in obstructive sleep apnoea
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 58:4, s. 341-348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sinonasal complaints contribute to low adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. We aimed to investigate sinonasal health in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients, using the sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), and to analyse whether SNOT-22 is affected by CPAP adherence. We also aimed to investigate whether peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was able to predict adherence to CPAP. Methods:The study population comprised 197 OSA patients (60 females) initiating CPAP treatment The SNOT-22, PNIF and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were assessed at baseline and follow-up. One-night polygraphy, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, peak expiratory flow and health-related issues were assessed at baseline. At follow-up, the patients were categorised into adherent (>4 hours/night) and non-adherent (<4 hours/night) to CPAP treatment. Results: The average time for following up CPAP treatment was (mean +/- SD) 24.0 +/- 23.9 days and it did not differ significantly between the groups.The SNOT-22 score was elevated among all OSA patients, 36.1 +/- 19.4.There was a larger improvement in the SNOT-22 score at follow-up among adherent CPAP users compared with non-adherent users (-10.4 +/- 13.9 vs. -3.2 +/- 15.4). A PNIF value of < 100 litres/min increased the risk of non-adherence to CPAP with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.40 ((95% CI 1.16-5.00)). Conclusions: The SNOT-22 was elevated in patients with OSA, indicating a considerable sinonasal disease burden.The SNOT-22 improved with good CPAP adherence. A low PNIF value was able to predict poor CPAP adherence. Both the SNOT-22 and PNIF can be valuable tools in the evaluation of OSA patients and in the management of CPAP treatment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Farrell, William M., et al.
(författare)
-
The dust, atmosphere, and plasma at the moon
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Mineralogical Society of America. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1529-6466 .- 1943-2666. ; 89, s. 563-609
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
The tree species matters : Biodiversity and ecosystem service implications of replacing Scots pine production stands with Norway spruce.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:5, s. 1035-1049
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is helping to drive a development where sites traditionally regenerated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are instead being regenerated with Norway spruce (Picea abies). We provide a condensed synthesis of the available evidence regarding the likely resultant implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from this change in tree species. Apart from some benefits (e.g. reduced stand-level browsing damage), we identified a range of negative outcomes for biodiversity, production, esthetic and recreational values, as well as increased stand vulnerability to storm, frost, and drought damage, and potentially higher risks of pest and pathogen outbreak. Our results are directly relevant to forest owners and policy-makers seeking information regarding the uncertainties, risks, and trade-offs likely to result from changing the tree species in production forests.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fransson, Johan, Professor, 1967-
(författare)
-
ForestMap : The next generation of forest maps – adapting a Nordic success story across the globe
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Forests provide countless values to people and society, both in developing as in developed countries. For the developed countries, the main value has been from wood and products from wood. In many developing countries, the forest is still seen as a common right of access, supplying firewood, food and building material. Today, new societal values are provided by the forests, important to human well-being. Presumably, the most important value of the forests is that they have been identified to have a major role in global climate change, where defore station, afforestation and new strategies to actively increase carbon sequestration, are very important processes. Moreover, the forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and there is increasing evidence that biodiversity contributes to forest ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. However, there is very little global discussion on how improved management of productive forests could contribute to mitigation of climate change and enrichment of biodiversity. If forest owners could utilize efficient decision tools for improved management and precision forest management, they would benefit with higher yield and net turnover, which in turn motivates them to further improve the management. Higher net turnover is also a motivating factor to reinvest in additional management and afforestation, hence, creating a positive loop that mitigate climate change by increased carbon sequestration and is beneficial to biodiversity. Extrapolated to the global forest estate of 3.9 billion hectares, these data suggest that about 77% of the world’s forest is owned and administered by governments, about 4% is reserved for communities, about 7% is owned by local communities, and about 12% is owned by individuals. In the above context, a fundamental need from forest stakeholders is data about the forest state and change in terms of biomass, tree species composition, and forest cover. However, depending on the stakeholder, the need of data, required accuracy, willingness to pay and need of decision support is very much variating. When also considering that many stakeholders are illiterate and may not have adequate competence to interpret data into management decisions, there is a clear need for a solution that also can strengthen equality (including gender equality)among stakeholders. The ForestMap project will provide new means for forest mapping globally and provide new open data crucial for sustainable forest management and mitigation of climate change. The overall objective is to advance the societal values of forest use by developing and evaluating a new methodology to produce forest maps across the globe. The project will develop easily applicable methods for forest map production using crowd sourced data from smartphones and remote sensing data from space- and airborne systems. Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms will be developed in order to produce tailor-made forest maps to stakeholder’s needs, corresponding to their willingness to pay. The societal value of the forest maps used in existing and new business models will also be explored.
|
|
| 7. |
- Fransson, Johan, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
ForestMap : Mapping Forest Attributes Across the Globe - First Case Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. - : IEEE. - 9798350320107 - 9798350331745 - 9798350320091 ; , s. 3395-3397
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the project ForestMap – a project aiming to develop and distribute new methods, which provide the benefits of accurate forest maps to a global audience. Using the recent developments in remote sensing, machine learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) the goal is to export the Scandinavian success stories to a wide range of stakeholders in the world.
|
|
| 8. |
- Fredriksson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Downstream Supply Chain Effects of Direct Digital Kitting in the Construction Industry
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 30th Euroma conference. ; 30
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solutions that improve operational efficiency in the construction industry is crucial. Direct digital kitting (DDK) is suggested for enhancing supply chain performance and reducing manhours throughout the supply chain and at construction site. We examine, by a single case, the downstream impacts of DDK enabled by a digital product innovation for components of inner walls. Potentials of DDK in construction supply chains have been assessed. The study provides insights on performance effects of DDK, requirements for its implementation, and conditions that alter the effects.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hellström, Ann, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Retrospective evaluation of ophthalmological and neurological outcomes for infants born before 24 weeks gestational age in a Swedish cohort
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To retrospectively evaluate ophthalmological and neurological outcomes in a Swedish cohort of infants born before 24 weeks gestational age (GA) and explore risk factors for visual impairment. Setting Eye and paediatric clinics in Sweden. Participants Infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (n=399), born before 24 weeks GA, 2007-2018. Cases were excluded if ophthalmological follow-up records could not be traced. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes were ophthalmological, including visual acuity (VA), refractive error, strabismus, nystagmus and cerebral visual impairment (CVI). Secondary outcomes comprised neonatal and neurological morbidities. Data were retrospectively retrieved from medical records. Results The 355 assessed children had a median GA of 23 weeks and 2 days and a median birth weight of 565 g. At the last available ophthalmological examination, the median age was 4.8 years (range 0.5-13.2 years). Nystagmus was recorded in 21.1%, strabismus in 34.8%, and 51.0% wore spectacles. Seventy-three of 333 (21.9%) were visually impaired, defined as being referred to a low vision clinic and/or having a VA less than 20/60 at 3.5 years of age or older. ROP treatment was a significant risk factor for visual impairment (OR 2.244, p=0.003). Visually impaired children, compared with children without visual impairment, more often had neurological deficits such as intellectual disability 63.8% versus 33.3% (p<0.001), epilepsy 21.1% versus 7.5% (p=0.001) and autism spectrum disorders 32.8% versus 20.9% (p=0.043). Nine of the 355 children had been diagnosed with CVI. Conclusions Children born before 24 weeks GA frequently had visual impairment in association with neurological deficits. CVI was rarely diagnosed. A multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and habilitation of these vulnerable infants is warranted. National follow-up guidelines need to be developed and implemented.
|
|
| 10. |
- Holmström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic incentives for preserving biodiverse semi-natural pastures with calves from dairy cows
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal for Nature Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1617-1381 .- 1618-1093. ; 62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economical profitability of pasture-based beef production is necessary for continued maintenance of semi-natural pastures. In a situation of decreased cattle stocks, there is a potential to castrate male calves from dairy cows and raise them as grazing steers instead of intact bulls reared indoors, which is the common way in the Nordic countries. We examined the profitability in model enterprises with either grazing steers or indoor bulls. Within the two genders (steer and bull), there were animals of two breed types (pure dairy breed and dairy x beef crossbreed), which were divided into an intensive or extensive production system. The intensive steer system had one summer on grass and slaughter at 21 months of age whereas the extensive steer system had two summers on grass and slaughter at 28 months of age. All bulls were reared indoors and slaughtered at 15 or 18 months of age. The profitability was calculated as contribution margin (CM; sigma revenues - sigma variable costs) in three different herd sizes (50, 100 and 150 slaughtered animals per year) and in three different regions in Sweden (the southern forest districts Gsk, the southern plain districts Gns, and the lower parts of the northern Nn). In the basic calculation, CM for all steers in large herds with 150 slaughtered animals per year was above zero for all cases in Gns, and for one case in Nn and in Gsk respectively. However, all steer cases had lower CM than the comparable bull system in the basic calculation. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate several possible ways of increasing the competitiveness of the grazing steers, compared to the bulls. Utilization of buildings without opportunity cost resulted in a CM above zero for all cases. Increasing the proportion of semi-natural pastures rendering high agrienvironmental payment and support was another effective mean. Decreasing the winter feed cost and labour demand on pasture reduced the costs, whereas producing premium-price certified pasture beef increased the revenue, all measures further contributing to an improved profitability. Pasture-based beef production from dairy-born steers can be economically viable, especially in large herds and with extensive production systems. Thereby, we conclude this system to has a potential to graze large areas of semi-natural pastures and thereby conserve their biodiversity and cultural values.
|
|
