| 1. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 2. |
- Hou, Jianhui, et al.
(författare)
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Organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660. ; 17:2, s. 119-128
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been dominated by donor: acceptor blends based on fullerene acceptors for over two decades. This situation has changed recently, with non-fullerene (NF) OSCs developing very quickly. The power conversion efficiencies of NF OSCs have now reached a value of over 13%, which is higher than the best fullerene-based OSCs. NF acceptors show great tunability in absorption spectra and electron energy levels, providing a wide range of new opportunities. The coexistence of low voltage losses and high current generation indicates that new regimes of device physics and photophysics are reached in these systems. This Review highlights these opportunities made possible by NF acceptors, and also discuss the challenges facing the development of NF OSCs for practical applications.
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| 3. |
- Qian, Deping, et al.
(författare)
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Design rules for minimizing voltage losses in high-efficiency organic solar cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660. ; 17:8, s. 703-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The open-circuit voltage of organic solar cells is usually lower than the values achieved in inorganic or perovskite photovoltaic devices with comparable bandgaps. Energy losses during charge separation at the donor-acceptor interface and non-radiative recombination are among the main causes of such voltage losses. Here we combine spectroscopic and quantum-chemistry approaches to identify key rules for minimizing voltage losses: (1) a low energy offset between donor and acceptor molecular states and (2) high photoluminescence yield of the low-gap material in the blend. Following these rules, we present a range of existing and new donor-acceptor systems that combine efficient photocurrent generation with electroluminescence yield up to 0.03%, leading to non-radiative voltage losses as small as 0.21 V. This study provides a rationale to explain and further improve the performance of recently demonstrated high-open-circuit-voltage organic solar cells.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Yuming, et al.
(författare)
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Optical Gaps of Organic Solar Cells as a Reference for Comparing Voltage Losses
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 8:28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The voltage loss, determined by the difference between the optical gap (E-g) and the open-circuit voltage (V-OC), is one of the most important parameters determining the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the variety of different methods used to determine E-g makes it hard to fairly compare voltages losses among different material systems. In this paper, the authors discuss and compare various E-g determination methods and show how they affect the detailed calculation of voltage losses, as well as predictions of the maximum achievable power conversion efficiency. The aim of this paper is to make it possible for the OSC community to compare voltage losses in a consistent and reasonable way. It is found that the voltage losses for strongly absorbed photons in state-of-the-art OSCs are not much less than 0.6 V, which still must be decreased to further enhance efficiency.
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| 5. |
- Yao, Huifeng, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Role of Molecular Electrostatic Potential on Charge Generation in Organic Solar Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chinese journal of chemistry. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1001-604X .- 1614-7065. ; 36:6, s. 491-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Revealing the charge generation is a crucial step to understand the organic photovoltaics. Recent development in non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) indicates efficient charge separation even with negligible energetic offset between the donor and acceptor materials. These new findings trigger a critical question concerning the charge separation mechanism in OSCs, traditionally believed to result from sufficient energetic offset between the polymer donor and fullerene acceptor. We propose a new mechanism, which involves the molecular electrostatic potential, to explain efficient charge separation in non-fullerene OSCs. Together with the new mechanism, we demonstrate a record efficiency of similar to 12% for systems with negligible energetic offset between donor and acceptor materials. Our analysis also rationalizes different requirement of the energetic offset between fullerene-based and non-fullerene OSCs, and paves the way for further design of OSC materials with both high photocurrent and high photovoltage at the same time.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Yun, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorination vs. chlorination: a case study on high performance organic photovoltaic materials
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science in China Series B. - : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 61:10, s. 1328-1337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halogenation is a very efficient chemical modification method to tune the molecular energy levels, absorption spectra and molecular packing of organic semiconductors. Recently, in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs), both fluorine- and chlorinesubstituted photovoltaic materials, including donors and acceptors, demonstrated their great potentials in achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), raising a question that how to make a decision between fluorination and chlorination when designing materials. Herein, we systemically studied the impact of fluorination and chlorination on the properties of resulting donors (PBDB-T-2F and PBDB-T-2Cl) and acceptors (IT-4F and IT-4Cl). The results suggest that all the OSCs based on different donor and acceptor combinations can deliver good PCEs around 13%-14%. Chlorination is more effective than fluorination in downshifting the molecular energy levels and broadening the absorption spectra. The influence of chlorination and fluorination on the crystallinity of the resulting materials is dependent on their introduction positions. As chlorination has the advantage of easy synthesis, it is more attractive in designing low-cost photovoltaic materials and therefore may have more potential in largescale applications.
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