| 1. |
- Björklund, Karin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in stormwater sediments: particle distribution and catchment area emission factors (CAEFs)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts - 10th Urban Environment Symposium, 9-11 June 2010, Gothenburg, Sweden. ; , s. 19-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emissions from traffic and construction materials contaminate stormwater with both metals and organicpollutants, and techniques for efficient removal of contaminants are reguested. The purpose of this studywas to determine the particle distribution of some selected metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in a stormwater sedimentation facility, and to caiculate the emitted amounts of these contaminantsin the studied catchment area. Chemical analysis and determination of physical parameters wereperformed on sediments sampled at a stormwater treatment facility consisting of seven sedimentationchambers connected in series. The facility is located in central Gothenburg, Sweden, and receives runofffrom the E6 and E20 motorway, with a daily traffic bad of approximately 86 000 vehicies. Theconcentrations of the PAHs and metals showed a trend with sediment concentrations increasing from thefirst to the last chamber. The pollutant concentrations were weil correlated with the particle sizedistribution, dry densities, water and organic content of the sediments. in two or more of the chambers, theconcentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and carcinogenic PAHs were higher than the given guideline vaiuesfor contaminated soil. The relative composition of the PAHs in sediment, with a dominance of pyrene,phenanthrene, fluoranthene and chrysene, indicates that rubber tyres, diesel exhaust and road asphaltcould be important sources of PAH pollution. The calculated catchment area emission factors (CAEFs)showed, in Wyear ha, the following order: petroleum hydrocarbons Cio - C4o (15 000) > Zn (3200) > Ni(~3000) > Cu (1500) > Sb (930) > Cr (820) > V (640)> Pb (260) > Co (120) > As (87) > Sn (25)> Mo (43)> ~16-EPA PAH (13) > Cresols (3.4) > Cd (1.3)> Hg (0.43). The results show that large parts of the finestsediment particle fractions, with high concentrations of the contaminants, are released with outiet waterfrom the sedimentation facility. The treatment facility could be more efficient if a filter was installed afterthe sedimentation steps, before discharge of water to the nearby stream.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Karin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Screening of Organic Contaminants in Urban Snow
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 64:1, s. 206-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snowmelt is known to cause peak concentrations of pollutants, which may adversely affectreceiving water quality. High concentrations of metals and suspended solids in snow have beenreported, whereas studies on organic pollutants are rare. This study aims at investigating theoccurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in urban snow in Gothenburg (Sweden). The mostfrequently detected organic pollutants in the collected snow samples were polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs), high molecular-weight phthalates, 4-nonylphenol and 4-t-octylphenol.Brominated flame retardants and chlorinated paraffins were only sporadically detected. In severalsnow samples, the concentrations of specific PAHs, alkylphenols and phthalates were higher thanreported stormwater concentrations and European water quality standards. Pollutant sourceidentification and sustainable management of snow are important instruments for the mitigation oforganic contaminants in the urban environment.
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| 4. |
- Björklund, Karin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Screening of organic contaminants in urban snow
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings, 14th International Conference, IWA Diffuse Pollution Specialist Group: Diffuse Pollution and Eutrophication. ; , s. 270-275
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snowmelt is known to cause peak concentrations of pollutants which may adversely affect receiving water quality. High concentrations in snow have been shown for e.g. metals and suspended solids, whereas studies on organic pollutants are rarely reported. This study aimsat investigating the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in urban snow, and at identifying sources of the pollutants. Snow from sites in Gothenburg, Sweden, was sampled and a range of organic substances was analysed. The most frequently detected organic pollutants in urban snow were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, high molecular-weightphthalates, 4-nonylphenol and 4-octylphenol. Brominated flame retardants and chlorinated paraffins were only sporadically detected. In several snow samples, the concentrations of specific PAHs, alkylphenols and phthalates were higher than reported stormwater concentrations and European water quality standards. Pollutant source identification and sustainable management of snow are important instruments for the mitigation of organic contaminants in the urban environment.
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Karin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating organic pollutant flows in urban stormwater: development and evaluation of a model for nonylphenols and phthalates
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 65:3, s. 508-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stormwater-quality models can be useful tools for predicting pollutant loads and identifying sources of contamination. Most models in current use handle pollutants such as metals, nutrients and suspended solids, whereas models including emerging organic contaminants are rare.This study aims at developing and evaluating a model for simulating stormwater flows of two groups of organic pollutants; nonylphenols and phthalates. Sources, emission patterns and environmental fate were examined to create a model framework for the organic contaminants. The model was calibrated using field data from three urban catchments. The results show that the simulated pollutant concentrations are overestimated compared to the measured concentrations, which are often close to or below the analytical detection limit. The high uncertainty and the lowpredictive power of the model may be explained by factors such as incorrect catchment data, lack of knowledge on buildup, washoff and other processes involved in substance fate, and an underreporting of pollutant concentrations in stormwater. More data on release patterns and sewer fate are needed to adequately simulate stormwater concentrations of nonylphenols and phthalates. A conventional substance flow analysis based on bookkeeping, evaluated in parallel to the computer model, has proven to be useful for calculating fluxes of nonylphenols and phthalates in urban catchments.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic Contamination After Wood Impregnation: Speciation, Sorption and Leaching
- 2010
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Ingår i: Highway and Urban Environment: Proceedings of the 9th Highway and Urban Environment symposium (Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries Science and Technology: Tools for Sustainable Development. Vol 17). - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048130443 ; , s. 287-297
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Blast-Furnace Sludge as Sorbent Material for Multi-Metal Contaminated Water
- 2010
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Ingår i: Alliance for Global Sustainability. 9th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium (9HUES). Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN. JUN 09-11, 2008. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 1571-4780. - 9789048130429 ; 17, s. 307-317
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternative and waste product materials are much in demand for use as sorbent material for contaminated water due to lower costs as well as the sustainability aspects of recycling industrial waste products. In this project batch tests were carried out to evaluate the capacity of blast-furnace sludge to remove Cd, Cr, Cs, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and Zn in multi-metal solutions. The sorption tests were conducted on different metal concentrations and pH values. Old sludge deposited at a landfill was also tested, using real leachate from the landfill area spiked with the multi-metal solutions. The data were evaluated by means of calculations of removal/sorption capacities, construction of Freundlich adsorption isotherms and speciation of the metal forms with CHEAQS software. The mineral composition of the sludge was determined qualitatively using XRD. At pH 7 – 9, the sludge had a high removal capacity for the majority of the specific metals in the multi solutions. The capacity of the old sludge with multi metals in real leachate was lower. The isotherms reveal that sorption could be the main mechanism for the removal of Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni and Pb. At pH
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| 8. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Colloid-Facilitated Metal Transport in Peat Filters
- 2010
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Ingår i: Water Environment Research. - 1061-4303 .- 1554-7531. ; 82:6, s. 506-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of colloids on metal retention in peat columns was studied, with the focus on colloids from two sources-organic matter leached from peat, and introduced organic and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) colloids. A significant fraction of metals was found to be associated with peat-produced organic colloids; however the concentrations of organic colloids leached are low (trace concentrations) and temporal and have a limited effect on the efficiency of peat filters. In contrast, the presence of organic and HFO colloids in the input water causes a significant decrease in the performance of peat filters. Organic colloids were identified as the main vector of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc, while lead is transported by both organic and HFO colloids. The colloidal distribution of metals obtained in this study has important implications for the mobility of trace metals in porous media. The occurrence of colloids in the input waters and their characteristics must be considered when designing water treatment facilities.
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| 9. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Alkylphenols, Bisphenol A and Phthalates in Landfill Leachates and Stormwater.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 47:3, s. 1317-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partitioning of organic pollutants is essential to their fate, mobility and removal from water and soil. To study the partitioning behavior of selected alkylphenols, bisphenol A, phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a method for separating the truly dissolved and colloidal phase of organic pollutants was developed, verified and applied to samples of landfill leachate and stormwater from urban areas and waste-sorting sites.Alkylphenols, bisphenol A, phthalates and PAHs were detected in all the untreated samples (total concentrations), most of the filtered samples and frequently in the colloid-bound phase. Concentrations of alkylphenols and PAHs in urban stormwater were one order of magnitude lower than in the landfill leachates and stormwater from waste-sorting sites.The difference between total, dissolved and colloid-bound concentrations in the water samples was not statistically significant for any phenols or phthalates, but for three of the PAHs; naphthalene (mostly dissolved), phenanthrene and fluoranthene (mostly particulate). These results indicate that in landfill leachates and stormwaters, organic pollutants are predominantly attached to colloids and/or truly dissolved in contrast to their expected strong sorption to particulate matter. Occurrence and concentrations of pollutants in dissolved and colloid-bound phases correlated negatively with the KOW. However, even highly hydrophobic compounds were frequently detected in filtered samples, i.e. the dissolved phases, and it is suggested that the organic content in the colloids decreases the compounds' partition to particles. The results confirm that the KOW values of specific organic pollutants well describe the compounds partition-binding process to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) colloids. Our findings call for a re-assessment of the organic pollutants' mobility and associated risks. This knowledge can also serve as a base for selecting efficient treatment methods for stormwater and landfill leachates.
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| 10. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Risk assessment of contaminants leaching to groundwater in an infrastructure project
- 2012
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Ingår i: Urban Environment: Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400725393 ; , s. 413-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Possible risks posed by rebuilding of a road and railway within a contaminated area have been studied by assessing the mobility of metals in soil through analysis of field samples, leaching tests and calculations of distribution Kd coefficients. The results from the standardized leaching tests showed a very high release of Pb, but also high release of Zn, Cu, Ni and As. The site specific Kd values determined showed that Cr and Pb are the metals most strongly bonded in the soil, and that As is the most easily released. Input of humus colloids increased the leaching of Cu, Pb and Zn and show on potential risk with enhanced leaching if flooding of the river or excavation activities at the site. It was concluded that Pb and As constitute the highest risk of leaching from the landfill site.
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