| 1. |
- Möllerström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Noise directivity from a vertical axis wind turbine
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Wind Turbine Noise. - New Brighton, UK : INCE/Europe.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The directivity of wind turbine noise is of widespread interest and has received attention over an extended period. The reason for this is partly that noise optimization procedures can be implemented in order to increase the efficiency of the power output. Although directivity of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are well understood, the directivity pattern around vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are less well investigated.This paper presents measurements of directivity on a 200 kW VAWT, a so called H-rotor, with variable speed and a tower height of 40 m. The turbine, which is situated in a flat agricultural landscape close to Falkenberg at the Swedish west coast, is one of the world’s largest today operational VAWTs. Experimental results as well as a theoretical model based on the turbulent-boundary-layer trailing-edge (TBL-TE) noise suggest higher noise levels upwind of the rotor and the lowest noise levels in the perpendicular directions. Moreover, modulation analysis of the measurements indicates the presence of modulations but the results are inconclusive.
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| 2. |
- Möllerström, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Noise Emission of a 200 kW Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energies. - Basel : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The noise emission from a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) has been investigated. A noisemeasurement campaign on a 200 kW straight-bladed VAWT has been conducted, and the result hasbeen compared to a semi-empirical model for turbulent-boundary-layer trailing edge (TBL-TE) noise.The noise emission from the wind turbine was measured, at wind speed 8 m/s, 10 m above ground, to96.2 dBA. At this wind speed, the turbine was stalling as it was run at a tip speed lower than optimaldue to constructional constraints. The noise emission at a wind speed of 6 m/s, 10 m above groundwas measured while operating at optimum tip speed and was found to be 94.1 dBA. A comparisonwith similar size horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) indicates a noise emission at the absolutebottom of the range. Furthermore, it is clear from the analysis that the turbulent-boundary-layertrailing-edge noise, as modeled here, is much lower than the measured levels, which suggests thatother mechanisms are likely to be important, such as inflow turbulence.
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| 3. |
- Möllerström, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Turbulence influence on optimum tip speed ratio for a 200 kW vertical axis wind turbine
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science Of Making Torque From Wind (Torque 2016). - Bristol : IOP Publishing. ; 753
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of turbulence intensity (TI) on the tip speed ratio for maximum power coefficient, here called λCp-max, is studied for a 200 kW VAWT H-rotor using logged data from a 14 month period with the H-rotor operating in wind speeds up to 9 m/s. The TI - λCp-max relation is examined by dividing 10 min mean values in different turbulence intensity ranges and producing multiple CP(λ) curves. A clear positive relation between TI and λCp-max is shown and is further strengthened as possible secondary effects are examined and deemed non-essential. The established relation makes it possible to tune the control strategy to enhance the total efficiency of the turbine.
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| 4. |
- Möllerström, Erik, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Turbulence influence on wind energy extraction for a medium size vertical axis wind turbine
- 2016
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Ingår i: Wind Energy. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons. - 1095-4244 .- 1099-1824. ; 19:11, s. 1963-1973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between power performance and turbulence intensity for a VAWT H-rotor is studied using logged data from a 14 month (discontinuous) period with the H-rotor operating in wind speeds up to 9 m/s. The turbine, designed originally for a nominal power of 200 kW, operated during this period mostly in a restricted mode due to mechanical concerns, reaching power levels up to about 80 kW. Two different approaches are used for presenting results, one that can be compared to power curves consistent with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard and one that allows isolating the effect of turbulence from the cubic variation of power with wind speed. Accounting for this effect, the turbine still shows slightly higher efficiency at higher turbulence, proposing that the H-rotor is well suited for wind sites with turbulent winds. The operational data are also used to create a Cp(λ) curve, showing slightly lower Cp compared with a curve simulated by a double multiple streamtube model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Ottermo, Fredric, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Location of aerodynamic noise sources from a 200 kW vertical-axis wind turbine
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - London : Elsevier. - 0022-460X .- 1095-8568. ; 400, s. 154-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise levels emitted from a 200 kW H-rotor vertical-axis wind turbine have been measured using a microphone array at four different positions, each at a hub-height distance from the tower. The microphone array, comprising 48 microphones in a spiral pattern, allows for directional mapping of the noise sources in the range of 500 Hz to 4 kHz. The produced images indicate that most of the noise is generated in a narrow azimuth-angle range, compatible with the location where increased turbulence is known to be present in the flow, as a result of the previous passage of a blade and its support arms. It is also shown that a semi-empirical model for inflow-turbulence noise seems to produce noise levels of the correct order of magnitude, based on the amount of turbulence that could be expected from power extraction considerations.
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| 6. |
- Sidén, Göran, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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100 procent förnybar elenergi år 2020 – 2025 – 2030?
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten beskriver möjligheterna att ställa om Sveriges elförsörjning till 100 procent förnybart i tre olika tidsperspektiv, fem, tio eller femton år.Scenarierna är genomförbara. Kostnaden för elproduktion från nya anläggningar för sol- och vindkraft är redan idag eller kommer snart att vara lägre än kostnader för energi från nya anläggningar för den fossilkraft eller kärnkraft som ska ersättas. Detta gäller i synnerhet om man tar hänsyn till de så kallade externa kostnaderna. Externa kostnader är kostnader för klimatpåverkan, kemiska och radioaktiva rutinutsläpp och stora olyckor som belastar samhället, men som inte betalas direkt av elproducenterna. Framtidens el från förnybar energi kan framställas till lägre kostnad än den vi har för dagens energiförsörjning.
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