| 1. |
- Brandén Klang, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av Trafikanalys uppföljning av de transportpolitiska målen
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 55-55
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 2017 redovisade Trafikanalys ett regeringsuppdrag där en del av uppdraget var att föreslå ett nytt system för sammanvägda bedömningar av utvecklingen på målnivå för de transportpolitiska målen. Den nya metoden har nu använts i fem måluppföljningar och hösten 2022 fick SWECO Sverige AB uppdraget att genomföra en enkät och intervjuundersökning bland måluppföljningens mottagargrupper för att inhämta synpunkter, åsikter och tankar kring måluppföljningens mått, metoder, resultat och kommunikation.Undersökningen genomfördes hösten 2022, och inleddes med en enkätundersökning skickad till 287 respondenter varav 152 (53%) svarade på enkätens frågor helt eller delvis. Enkäten följdes upp med intervjuer av 22 personer, varav 10 var från den högst prioriterade målgruppen som bestod av ledamöter i Riksdagens trafikutskott och tjänstemän på Regeringskansliet. Resultatet redovisades i en rapport till Trafikanalys under våren 2023, och det är dessa resultat som presenteras i detta föredrag. Generellt bedöms de indikatorer som används i måluppföljningen vara relevanta, och de flesta hyser förtroende för uppföljningen. Ett antal respondenter menar att sammanvägningsmodellen ger de mått som utvecklats negativt för stor relativbetydelse, och ett flertal respondenter tycker att Trafikanalys borde kommunicera måluppföljningens resultat på fler sätt och till bredare målgrupper. Måluppföljningen kan förbättras i vissa avseenden, bland annat genom att inkludera fler miljövärden och mer underlag som kopplar till godstransporter. Dessutom finns skäl att se över kommunikationen av uppföljningen och publiceringsformerna.
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| 2. |
- Chorell, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Lysophospholipids as Predictive Markers of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI. - 2218-1989 .- 2218-1989. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study explored patterns of circulating metabolites and proteins that can predict future risk for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We conducted a prospective nested case-control study in northern Sweden in individuals who developed STEMI (N = 50) and NSTEMI (N = 50) within 5 years and individually matched controls (N = 100). Fasted plasma samples were subjected to multiplatform mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and multiplex protein analyses. Multivariate analyses were used to elucidate infarction-specific metabolite and protein risk profiles associated with future incident STEMI and NSTEMI. We found that altered lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) ratio predicted STEMI and NSTEMI events in different ways. In STEMI, lysophospholipids (mainly LPEs) were lower, whereas in NSTEMI, lysophospholipids (mainly LPEs) were higher. We found a similar response for all detected lysophospholipids but significant alterations only for those containing linoleic acid (C18:2, p < 0.05). Patients with STEMI had higher secretoglobin family 3A member 2 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphate type 5 and lower platelet-derived growth factor subunit A, which are proteins associated with atherosclerosis severity and plaque development mediated via altered phospholipid metabolism. In contrast, patients with NSTEMI had higher levels of proteins associated with inflammation and macrophage activation, including interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, chemerin, and cathepsin X and D. The STEMI risk marker profile includes factors closely related to the development of unstable plaque, including a higher LPC:LPE ratio, whereas NSTEMI is characterized by a lower LPC:LPE ratio and increased inflammation.
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| 3. |
- Erlandsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Digital produktinformation baserat på datamallar : KONCEPTTEST MED MILJÖVARUDEKLARATIONER (EPD) OCH PRESTANDADEKLARATIONER (DOP) I WEBBTJÄNSTER (API)
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I framtiden måste vi bestämma oss för hur vi på ett rationellt, kvalitetssäkrat och digitalt sätt ska hantera produktinformation i byggsektorn. Visionen är att basera harmoniserad digital kvalitetsäkrad produktinformation på en internationellt användbar datamall.Grunderna för digitala datamallar och hur de tas fram beskrivs i standarderna ISO 23386/7 och ISO 23387.En ifylld datamall kallas ett datablad. I det här genomförda tillämpningstestet (proof of concept, PoC) av datamallar är syftet att kommunicera produktinformation digitalt i värdekedjan från materialtillverkan till dess att byggprodukten levererats till byggarbetsplatsen.I tillämpningstestet ingår flera materiatillverkare som har varit testpiloter för att ta fram datablad enligt datamalls-konceptet. Piloterna har tagit fram datablad för prestandadeklarationen (DoP) som är kopplat till produktens CE-märkning, samt för en EPD baserat på den globala datamallen som beskrivs i standarden ISO 22057.
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| 4. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Risk management by novice investors in stock markets
- 2022
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Ingår i: Progress in Economics Research, Vol 49. - New York : Nova Science Publishers. - 1549-1552 .- 1549-1552. - 9781685079444 ; , s. 129-149
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter contextualizes, summarizes and integrates research on novice stock investors’ risk management conducted by the authors in collaboration with colleagues. The stage is set by recognizing that judgmental biases to which investors are prone account for three observed anomalies of stock markets: under- and overreaction to news; selling winners too early and holding losers too long; and ineffective portfolio diversification. The chapter then reviews studies of biases in portfolio diversification including over-investment in popular stocks, neglect of covariation of returns expected from stocks in the portfolio, and failure to rebalance portfolios by selective monitoring of changes in stock prices. Thereafter follows reviews of correlational and experimental studies showing that if novice investors perceive that financial advisors in banks are trustworthy, they increase risk taking in the banks’ actively managed funds. It is also found that the financial advisors are perceived to be trustworthy if appearing to be competent, acting in the interest of the investor, and open and transparent in their communication. Trustworthiness of the financial advisors furthermore spills over to trust in the banks in which they work. The last part of the chapter asks whether finance professionals (e.g., mutual fund managers, financial analysts) provide valid advice and whether novice (and other) investors benefit from these. Answers are given to both these questions based on the reviewed research.
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| 5. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable investment : Consequences for psychological well-being
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper sets the stage for research on sustainable investment (SI) related to psychological well-being (PWB). It recognizes the threat of current global consumption levels to exceed the planetary boundaries and asks what roles financial markets may play in reducing these threats without compromising PWB. SI integrates environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) factors alongside financial factors in investments in company shares and bonds as well as through active engagement in companies. Barriers to ESG integration include lower short-term financial performance, higher financial risks, and insufficient ESG screening by investors. A brief review of PWB shows that reliable and valid measurement methods have been developed, that the resulting measures complement economic and social national welfare indicators, and that health, sufficient material welfare, income equality, and non-material consumption are important determinants of PWB. The challenge is to globally reduce private material consumption levels in affluent countries. It is suggested that one role SI may play is in investing or actively engaging in companies that efficiently meet an increasing consumer demand of non-material consumption. Future research should address this role of SI.
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| 6. |
- Jansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Banks' risk taking in credit decisions : influences of loan officers' personality traits and financial risk preference versus bank-contextual factors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Managerial Finance. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0307-4358 .- 1758-7743. ; 49:8, s. 1297-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to investigate whether loan officers' risk taking in credit decisions are associated with their personal financial risk preference and personality traits or solely with bank-contextual and loan-relevant factors. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey administered in six large Swedish banks to 163 loan officers responsible for assessing credit risk and approval of loan applications. The loan officers rated their likelihood of approving fictitious loan applications from business companies. Findings: The loan officers' credit risk taking is associated with bank-contextual factors, directly with perceived organizational credit risk norms and indirectly with self-confidence in assessing credit risks through attitude to credit risk taking. A direct association is also found with personal financial risk preference but not with personality traits. Research limitations/implications: Increased awareness of that loan officers' personal financial risk preference is associated with their credit risk taking in loan decisions but that the banks' risk policy has a stronger association. Banks' managements and boards should therefore assure that their credit risk policy is implemented, followed and being aligned with their performance incentives. Practical implications: Increased awareness of that loan officers' credit risk taking is associated with personal financial risk preference but more strongly with the banks' risk policy that motivate banks' managements and boards to assure that their credit risk policy is implemented, followed and being aligned with their performance incentives. Originality/value: The first study which directly compare the associations of loan officers' risk taking in credit approvals with personal risk preference and personality traits versus bank-contextual factors and loan-relevant information.
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| 7. |
- Jansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Non-professional versus professional investors’ trust in financial analysts’ recommendations and influences on investments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Review of Behavioral Finance. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1940-5979 .- 1940-5987. ; 16:5, s. 860-882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The paper aims to investigate differences in non-professional and professional stock investors’ trust in and tendency to follow financial analysts’ buy and sell recommendations. Design/methodology/approach: Online experiment conducted in Sweden in March 2022 comparing non-professional private investors (n = 80), professional investors (n = 33), and master students in finance (n = 28). Information was presented about four company stocks listed on the New York stock exchange. Two stocks were buy-recommended and two stocks sell-recommended by financial analysts. For one stock of each type, the recommendation was presented to participants. Dependent variables were predictions of the stock price after three months, ratings of confidence in the predictions and choices of holding, buying or selling the stock. Ratings were also made of the importance of presented stock-related information as well as trust in analysts’ skill and integrity. Findings: More positive return predictions were made of buy-recommended than sell-recommended stocks. Non-professionals and to some degree finance students tended to trust financial analysts more than professional investors did and they were more influenced by the presentation of the buy recommendations. All groups made too optimistic return predictions, but the professionals were less confident in their predictions, more likely to sell the stocks and lost less on their investments. Originality/value: A new finding is that non-professional stock investors are more likely than professional stock investors to trust financial analysts and follow their recommendations. It suggests that financial analysts’ recommendations influence non-professional investors to take unmotivated investment risks. Non-professionals in the stock market should hence be advised to exercise more caution in following analysts’ recommendations.
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| 8. |
- Rigal, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Normoglycemia and physiological cortisone level maintain glucose homeostasis in a pancreas-liver microphysiological system
- 2024
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2399-3642. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research on metabolic disorders and diabetes relies on animal models because multi-organ diseases cannot be well studied with standard in vitro assays. Here, we have connected cell models of key metabolic organs, the pancreas and liver, on a microfluidic chip to enable diabetes research in a human-based in vitro system. Aided by mechanistic mathematical modeling, we demonstrate that hyperglycemia and high cortisone concentration induce glucose dysregulation in the pancreas-liver microphysiological system (MPS), mimicking a diabetic phenotype seen in patients with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes. In this diseased condition, the pancreas-liver MPS displays beta-cell dysfunction, steatosis, elevated ketone-body secretion, increased glycogen storage, and upregulated gluconeogenic gene expression. Conversely, a physiological culture condition maintains glucose tolerance and beta-cell function. This method was reproducible in two laboratories and was effective in multiple pancreatic islet donors. The model also provides a platform to identify new therapeutic proteins, as demonstrated with a combined transcriptome and proteome analysis. A human-cell-based pancreas-liver microphysiological system serves as a preclinical platform for studying glucose-insulin homeostasis and disease mechanisms of glucose dysregulation, offering a tool for identifying targets and testing drugs.
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| 9. |
- Roos, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A three-level analysis of values related to socially responsible retirement investments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2043-0795 .- 2043-0809.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim is to investigate the value basis of Socially Responsible Retirement Investments (SRRI) in a study of Swedish pension investors in the age range 18 to 65 years (N=1005). Logistic regression analyses were performed with self-reported SRRI choice as dependent variable and different levels of values as independent variables. On a higher level of analyses, self-transcendent values, especially universalism (e.g., equality, protecting the environment, and social justice), have the most important influences on SRRI choice. In contrast, on a lower-level analysis, SRRI choice is influenced by self-enhancement values with high priority for authoritarian power and low priority for wealth. The three-level analysis of values (self-transcendence vs self-enhancement value orientation, motivational domain, and value) questions the contradiction between dimension poles of values and the structuring of values in interrelated motivational domains. The results thereby clarify some previous findings and increase the understanding of the value basis of SRRI.
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| 10. |
- Wegler, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Drug Disposition Protein Quantification in Matched Human Jejunum and Liver From Donors With Obesity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 111:5, s. 1142-1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mathematical models, such as physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models, are used to predict, for example, drug disposition and toxicity. However, populations differ in the abundance of proteins involved in these processes. To improve the building and refinement of such models, they must take into account these interindividual variabilities. In this study, we used global proteomics to characterize the protein composition of jejunum and liver from 37 donors with obesity enrolled in the COCKTAIL study. Liver protein levels from the 37 donors were further compared with those from donors without obesity. We quantified thousands of proteins and could present the expression of several drug-metabolizing enzymes, for the first time, in jejunum, many of which belong to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) (e.g., CYP2U1) and the amine oxidase (flavin-containing) (e.g., monoamine oxidase A (MAOA)) families. Although we show that many metabolizing enzymes had greater expression in liver, others had higher expression in jejunum (such as, MAOA and CES2), indicating the role of the small intestine in extrahepatic drug metabolism. We further show that proteins involved in drug disposition are not correlated in the two donor-matched tissues. These proteins also do not correlate with physiological factors such as body mass index, age, and inflammation status in either tissue. Furthermore, the majority of these proteins are not differently expressed in donors with or without obesity. Nonetheless, interindividual differences were considerable, with implications for personalized prediction models and systems pharmacology.
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