| 1. |
- Hanås, Ragnar, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Indwelling catheters used from the onset of diabetes decrease injection pain and pre-injection anxiety
- 2002
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Ingår i: J Pediatr. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 140:3, s. 315-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use of indwelling catheters as injection aids at diabetes onset to reduce injection pain and pre-injection anxiety. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-one patients aged 8.1 +/- 3.7 years (range, 1-15) participated in this open, controlled randomized study. A 10-cm VAS with faces was used for scoring. A local anesthetic cream was used before all insertions. The control group used insulin pens with standard needles. After one week, the indwelling catheter group could choose regular injections but were included in the "intention to treat" analysis. RESULTS: Injection pain and anxiety decreased from day 1 to 15 in both groups (average, 4.1 injections/day). Pain was significantly lower for indwelling catheter injections when scored by parents (median, 1.2 cm vs 2.7 cm; P =.002), children/teenagers (0.8 cm vs 1.5 cm; P =.006), and nurses (1.4 cm vs 3.0 cm; P =.002). Parental pre-injection anxiety was also lower (1.2 cm vs 2.9 cm; P =.016). Taking injections, including inserting catheters, was found to be less problematic with an indwelling catheter (1.6 cm vs 3.3 cm;P =.009). During the 6-month follow-up, injection pain and injection problems were significantly lower in the catheter group. Mean catheter indwelling time was 3.7 days. Median pain for catheter insertion was 2.1 cm and for glucose testing was 0.9 cm. Sixteen of 20 patients continued to use indwelling catheters after 2 weeks, and 9 of 20 after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: We found an evident relief of pre-injection anxiety and injection pain when using indwelling catheters for introducing insulin injections at the onset of diabetes.
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| 2. |
- Pavey, S, et al.
(författare)
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Microarray expression profiling in melanoma reveals a BRAF mutation signature
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5594 .- 0950-9232. ; 23:23, s. 4060-4067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used microarray gene expression pro. ling and machine learning to predict the presence of BRAF mutations in a panel of 61 melanoma cell lines. The BRAF gene was found to be mutated in 42 samples (69%) and intragenic mutations of the NRAS gene were detected in seven samples (11%). No cell line carried mutations of both genes. Using support vector machines, we have built a classifier that differentiates between melanoma cell lines based on BRAF mutation status. As few as 83 genes are able to discriminate between BRAF mutant and BRAF wild-type samples with clear separation observed using hierarchical clustering. Multidimensional scaling was used to visualize the relationship between a BRAF mutation signature and that of a generalized mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) activation ( either BRAF or NRAS mutation) in the context of the discriminating gene list. We observed that samples carrying NRAS mutations lie somewhere between those with or without BRAF mutations. These observations suggest that there are gene-specific mutation signals in addition to a common MAPK activation that result from the pleiotropic effects of either BRAF or NRAS on other signaling pathways, leading to measurably different transcriptional changes.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Junestav, Malin, 1971-
(författare)
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Arbetslinjer i svensk socialpolitisk debatt och lagstiftning 1930-2001
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis has been to analyse the conception of the Swedish “work strategy” (arbetslinjen). This principle, or political idea, has been central in Sweden’s economic, employment as well as social policy since (at least) the inter war era. The purpose has been to detangle and dissect the ideas behind an almost sacred political principle, hardly ever questioned or challenged by political actors or scholars. Through studies of political debates and decision- and policy-making, the issue has been to reach an insight into how this particular set of ideas, gathered together in the conception of “the work strategy”, has been understood and how this influenced policy-making. In this thesis it has been shown the conception of “the work strategy” and its realisation is linked to Social Democratic economic policy since the 1930s and the full employment programs designed in the 1950s. The political ideas included in this principle, though, have deeper roots in the history of social and poor relief policy institutions. The theoretical assumption is that certain political ideas have such a strong position among politicians, no matter what their ideological residence, that it is broadly speaking impossible to implement political proposals that challenge these ideas.
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| 5. |
- Öster, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlocal and nonlinear dispersion in a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation: exotic solitons and short-wavelength instabilities
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2789. ; 198:1-2, s. 29-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the continuum limit of a nonlinear Schrödinger lattice model with both on-site and inter-site nonlinearities, describing weakly coupled optical waveguides or Bose–Einstein condensates. The resulting continuum nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation includes both nonlocal and nonlinear dispersion. Looking for stationary solutions, the equation is reduced to an ordinary differential equation with a rescaled spectral parameter and a single parameter interpolating between the nonlocality and the nonlinear dispersion. It is seen that these two effects give a similar behaviour for the solutions. We find smooth solitons and, beyond a critical value of the spectral parameter, also nonanalytic solitons in the form of peakons and capons. The existence of the exotic solitons is connected to the special properties of the phase space of the equation. Stability is investigated numerically by calculating eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the linearized problem, and we particularly find that with both nonlocal and nonlinear dispersion simultaneously present, all solutions are unstable with respect to a break-up into short-wavelength oscillations.
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