| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Cornelissen, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Global change and arctic ecosystems : is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass?
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 89:6, s. 984-994
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1 Macrolichens are important for the functioning and biodiversity of cold northern ecosystems and their reindeer-based cultures and economics. 2 We hypothesized that, in climatically milder parts of the Arctic, where ecosystems have relatively dense plant canopies, climate warming and/or increased nutrient availability leads to decline in macrolichen abundance as a function of increased abundance of vascular plants. In more open high-arctic or arctic-alpine plant communities such a relationship should be absent. To test this, we synthesized cross-continental arctic vegetation data from ecosystem manipulation experiments simulating mostly warming and increased nutrient availability, and compared these with similar data from natural environmental gradients. 3 Regressions between abundance or biomass of macrolichens and vascular plants were consistently negative across the subarctic and mid-arctic experimental studies. Such a pattern did not emerge in the coldest high-arctic or arctic-alpine sites. The slopes of the negative regressions increased across 10 sites as the climate became milder (as indicated by a simple climatic index) or the vegetation denser (greater site above-ground biomass). 4 Seven natural vegetation gradients in the lower-altitude sub- and mid-arctic zone confirmed the patterns seen in the experimental studies, showing consistent negative relationships between abundance of macrolichens and vascular plants. 5 We conclude that the data supported the hypothesis. Macrolichens in climatically milder arctic ecosystems may decline if and where global changes cause vascular plants to increase in abundance. 6 However, a refining of our findings is needed, for instance by integrating other abiotic and biotic effects such as reindeer grazing feedback on the balance between vascular plants and lichens.
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Maria U, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure, specificity, and mode of interaction for bacterial albumin-binding modules.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X .- 0021-9258. ; 277:10, s. 8114-8120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have determined the solution structure of an albumin binding domain of protein G, a surface protein of group C and G streptococci. We find that it folds into a left handed three-helix bundle similar to the albumin binding domain of protein PAB from Peptostreptococcus magnus. The two domains share 59% sequence identity, are thermally very stable, and bind to the same site on human serum albumin. The albumin binding site, the first determined for this structural motif known as the GA module, comprises residues spanning the first loop to the beginning of the third helix and includes the most conserved region of GA modules. The two GA modules have different affinities for albumin from different species, and their albumin binding patterns correspond directly to the host specificity of C/G streptococci and P. magnus, respectively. These studies of the evolution, structure, and binding properties of the GA module emphasize the power of bacterial adaptation and underline ecological and medical problems connected with the use of antibiotics.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Walther, Sten, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Reaction Level Scale for assessment of cerebral responsiveness in the critically ill
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 29:6, s. 933-938
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a well-known source of error in outcome prediction models. We compared assessment of cerebral responsiveness with the GCS and the Reaction Level Scale (RLS) in two otherwise similar outcome prediction models. Design and setting: Prospective, observational study in a general intensive care unit. Patients and participants: All admissions of patients with or at risk of developing impaired brain function between 1997 and 1998 (n=534). Measurements and results: Admissions were scored by RLS and APACHE II (includes scoring with the GCS). The RLS scores were transformed to APACHE II central nervous system scores according to a predetermined protocol. APACHE II estimated probability of death was calculated conventionally with the GCS and the RLS. Vital status 90 days after admission was secured from a national database. Bias and precision was 0.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves was slightly but significantly greater with the RLS-based APACHE 11 model than with the GCS-based model (0.92 vs. 0.90). Discrimination was improved primarily in admissions with low and intermediate probability of death. Conclusions: Scoring of cerebral responsiveness with the RLS instead of the GCS was associated with minimal bias of the APACHE 11 probability of death estimate. Assessment of consciousness in critically ill with the RLS deserves further evaluation.
|
|
| 9. |
- Walther, Sten, et al.
(författare)
-
Multicentre study of validity and interrater reliability of the modified Nursing Care Recording System (NCR11) for assessment of workload in the ICU
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 48:6, s. 690-696
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reliable assessment of nursing workload is necessary for the quantitative approach to staffing of intensive care units. The Nursing Care Recording System (NCR11) scores both the nursing contribution to patient care and those related to medical procedures. The purpose of the present work was to compare NCR11 scoring with the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) and Nine Equivalents of Nurse Manpower use Score (NEMS) and to examine the interrater reliability of NCR11 scoring. Methods: Bias and precision of workload scores (NCR11 vs. TISS or NEMS) were assessed for 6126 consecutive admissions (23910 ICU-days) at three intensive care units. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed by having nurses at nine ICUs score workload using NCR11 for three dummy intensive care patient cases presented over a 3-year period. Variability in scoring was analyzed using the coefficient of variation. Results: Agreement between NCR11 and TISS or NEMS was poor and limits of agreement were wide. Linear relationships between NCR11 and TISS or NEMS scores differed between units. Variability in NCR11 scoring decreased significantly from 10.4% to 5.9% between dummy cases 1 and 2 and remained low for patient case 3. Conclusion: The NCR11 does not measure the same elements of workload in the ICU as do TISS and NEMS. Inter-rater reliability with NCR11 is good, showing little variation in scoring between nurses.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
