| 1. |
- Lako, P., et al.
(författare)
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Offshore wind energy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Technological Learning in the Energy Sector - Lessons for Policy, Industry and Science.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Londo, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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The REFUEL EU road map for biofuels in transport: Application of the project’s tools to some short-term policy issues
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 34:2, s. 244-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current hot debate on biofuels calls for a balanced and realistic long-term strategy forbiofuels. The REFUEL project provides several ingredients for such a strategy. Analyses inthis project indicate that domestically produced biofuels can cover a significant share of EUfuel demand in the coming decades, with the EU-12 new member states and Ukraine asmost promising regions. This potential can be realised with residual streams and onexisting agricultural land, without conversion of e.g. nature reserves. Second generationbiofuels are essential for the long-term success of biofuels due to their superior performancein many ways. But generally, the key challenge for the near future would be how toenhance the development of biofuels in a responsible way, i.e. stimulating the productionchains with the best performance, and preventing negative impacts e.g., by paying carefulattention to possible system impacts of biofuel production such as indirect land usechanges and rising food prices. Finally, 2nd generation biofuels require specific policy: theprecursor role of 1st generation is overrated, both in technical terms as well as in their roleas market precursors. When it comes to synergies, 2nd generation biofuels might benefitmore from other developments in the energy sector, such as initiatives in co-firing ofbiomass for (heat and) power, than from 1st generation biofuels, also because of the publicresistance that the latter induce.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Pelkmans, L., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring the Impact of Sustainability Certification in Relation to Biomass Use for Energy
- 2012
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Ingår i: EUBCE 2012 proceedings. - 9788889407547 ; , s. 2013-2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the public has expressed concern about unintended consequences associated with potentially unsustainable biomass production and use for energy (or biofuels), producers of biomass feedstocks in the private sector as well as governmental and non-governmental organisations have initiated many generally unlinked efforts to define 'sustainable' bioenergy production and supply chains. These 'sustainability' standards may be implemented through certification systems involving 3rd party audit, and influence production systems and trade of bioenergy products from producers to consumers of ‘green' energy. At present numerous biomass and biofuel sustainability certification systems are being developed or implemented by a variety of private and public organisations. Systems are applicable to different feedstock production sectors (forests, agricultural crops), different bioenergy products (relatively unprocessed forest residues, ethanol, biodiesel, electricity), and whole or segments of supply chains (production system, chain of custody from growers to energy consumers). It is expected that such a wide range of systems, developed largely without coordination among the organisations involved, could be problematic for all stakeholders along the supply chain in individual sectors and for those involved in deployment of bioenergy systems globally. These are individual feedstock producers, companies and commodity sectors that must comply with these systems either to maintain market access and share or to comply with legislative mandates, and also consumers who prefer to purchase certified green energy, and regulatory agencies and local to national governments that may be involved in enforcing sustainability standards. The potential for confusion among the actors, depression of markets, and unnecessary restrictions on sustainable trade seems high. Within IEA Bioenergy a strategic study was initiated between Task 40, Task 43 and Task 38 to monitor the actual implementation process of sustainability certification of bioenergy, evaluate how stakeholders are affected by certification initiatives, quantify the anticipated impact on worldwide bioenergy trade, assess the level of coordination among schemes, and make recommendations to remove barriers which may depress markets and reduce sustainable trade. Interaction with different stakeholder groups is one of the main objectives of this study, so we anticipate the recommendations being representative of the whole bioenergy certification sector and therefore having high potential to improve an otherwise uncoordinated interest in ensuring bioenergy trade is sustainable.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Pelkmans, Luc, et al.
(författare)
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The role of sustainability requirements in international bioenergy markets
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Bioenergy Trade. - : Springer. - 9789400769816 ; , s. 125-149
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the main driver for bioenergy is to enable society to transform to more sustainable fuel and energy production systems, it is important to safeguard that bioenergy deployment happens within certain sustainability constraints. There is currently a high number of initiatives, including binding regulations and several voluntary sustainability standards for biomass, bioenergy and/or biofuels. Within IEA Bioenergy studies were performed to monitor the actual implementation process of sustainability regulations and certification, evaluate how stakeholders are affected and envisage the anticipated impact on worldwide markets and trade. On the basis of these studies, recommendations were made on how sustainability requirements could actually support further bioenergy deployment. Markets would gain from more harmonization and cross-compliance. A common language is needed as ‘sustainability’ of biomass involves different policy arenas and legal settings. Policy pathways should be clear and predictable, and future revisions of sustainability requirements should be open and transparent. Sustainability assurance systems (both through binding regulations and voluntary certification) should take into account how markets work, in relation to different biomass applications (avoiding discrimination among end-uses and users). It should also take into account the way investment decisions are taken, administrative requirements for smallholders, and the position of developing countries.
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| 9. |
- Pelkmans, Luc, et al.
(författare)
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The role of sustainability requirements in international bioenergy markets
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Energy. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 2195-1292 .- 2195-1284. ; 17:1, s. 125-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the main driver for bioenergy is to enable society to transform to more sustainable fuel and energy production systems, it is important to safeguard that bioenergy deployment happens within certain sustainability constraints. There is currently a high number of initiatives, including binding regulations and several voluntary sustainability standards for biomass, bioenergy and/or biofuels. Within IEA Bioenergy studies were performed to monitor the actual implementation process of sustainability regulations and certification, evaluate how stakeholders are affected and envisage the anticipated impact on worldwide markets and trade. On the basis of these studies, recommendations were made on how sustainability requirements could actually support further bioenergy deployment. Markets would gain from more harmonization and cross-compliance. A common language is needed as 'sustainability' of biomass involves different policy arenas and legal settings. Policy pathways should be clear and predictable, and future revisions of sustainability requirements should be open and transparent. Sustainability assurance systems (both through binding regulations and voluntary certification) should take into account how markets work, in relation to different biomass applications (avoiding discrimination among end-uses and users). It should also take into account the way investment decisions are taken, administrative requirements for smallholders, and the position of developing countries.
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