| 1. |
- Karlsson, Per Erik, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of ozone on the growth of birch (Betula pendula) saplings
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - 0269-7491. ; 124:3, s. 485-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Saplings of one half-sib family of birch, Betula pendula, were exposed to three levels of ozone in open-top chambers (OTCs) during two growing seasons 1997-1998. The ozone treatments were non-filtered air (NF, accumulated daylight AOT40 over the two growing seasons of 3.0 mul l(-1) h), non-filtered air with extra ozone (NF +, accumulated daylight AOT40 of 27.3 mul l(-1) h) and nonfiltered air with additional extra ozone (NF++, accumulated daylight AOT40 of 120 mul l(-1) h), The birch saplings, including the roots, were harvested after the first and second growing seasons. After the first growing season, the NF++ treatment reduced the total wood biomass by 22%, relative to the NF treatment. There was no further reduction of the total wood biomass in the NF++ treatment after the second growing season. The root biomass was reduced by 30% after the first growing season. The shoot/root ratio, as well as the proportional biomass of leaves, were increased by ozone during both years. The ozone impact on the relative growth rate was estimated to -2% per 10 mul l(-1) h daylight AOT40 per growing season. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Per Erik, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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New critical levels for ozone effects on young trees based on AOT40 and simulated cumulative leaf uptake of ozone
- 2004
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 38:15, s. 2283-2294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaf or needle ozone uptake was estimated for young trees at seven experimental sites across Europe using a stomatal conductance simulation model. Dose-response relationships based on cumulative leaf uptake of ozone (CUO) were calculated using different hourly ozone flux thresholds and these were compared to dose-response relationships based on daylight AOT40, which is currently used within the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Regression analysis showed that the CUO-biomass response relationships were highly significant for both coniferous and broadleaf trees, and independent of which ozone flux threshold was applied. On the basis of this regressions analysis, an hourly flux threshold of 1.6 nmol m(-2) s(-1) (COO > 1.6) is proposed as the most appropriate for all species categories in deriving dose-response relationships. The analysis indicated that the current critical level for ozone impacts on European forests of AOT40 10 ppm h may not protect the most sensitive receptors and that critical levels for AOT40 and CUO > 1.6 of 5 ppm h and 4 mmol m(-2), respectively, are more appropriate. The research identified weaker dose-response relationships for the CUO exposure index compared with AOT40. Distinguishing between sensitive and less sensitive species substantially improved the CUO-biomass response relationships although, still, to a lesser extent than when exposure was expressed as AOT40. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson Schaffer, Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Kompisen som inte ville leka: Sveriges nej i utländsk press
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oscarsson, H. & Holmberg, S. (red). Kampen om euron. - Göteborg : Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Göteborgs universitet. - 9189246152
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Uddling, Johan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass reduction of juvenile birch is more strongly related to stomatal uptake of ozone than to indices based on external exposure
- 2004
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 38:28, s. 4709-4719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to test the hypothesis that ozone-induced limitation of biomass production in juvenile silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is driven by stomatal uptake of ozone (O-3) rather than external exposure, biomass reduction was related to the cumulative uptake of O-3 through stomata over an uptake cut-off threshold of x nmol O-3 m(-2) s(-1) (CUO > x), to the accumulated exposure to O-3 over a threshold of y nmol mol(-1) during daylight hours (daylight AOTy) or during 24 h (24 h AOTy), and to the sum of daytime concentrations exceeding 60 nmol mol(-1) (SUM06). The analysis included data from nine different experiments conducted in Sweden, Finland and Switzerland. Stomatal uptake of O-3 was estimated using a stomatal conductance (g,) model including g, response functions for photosynthetic photon flux density, water vapour pressure deficit of the air and air temperature. Experiment-specific maximum g(s) (g(max)) as well as g(s) in darkness (g(dark)) were assessed through local measurements. Biomass reduction Was more strongly related to CUO > x than to SUM06 and daylight or 24 h AOTy, but the difference between CUO > x and 24 h AOTy was small. The better performance of CUO > x was dependent on the use of site- and experiment-specific g(max) and g(dark) values, and there was a positive relationship between g(max) and biomass reduction per unit AOT40. Daylight AOTy and SUM06 could not account for the growth limiting impact of nocturnal O-3 uptake in the Swiss experiments. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the CUO > x estimates were largely insensitive to the estimate of the conductance for non-stomatal leaf surface deposition of O-3, as a result of turbulent conditions at the experimental plots. In summary, we conclude that CUO > x was more successful in accounting for the variation in biomass reduction in juvenile birch as compared to indices based on external exposure, if g(max) and g(dark) were locally parameterised. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Uddling, Johan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring and modelling leaf diffusive conductance in juvenile silver birch, Betula pendula
- 2004
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Ingår i: Trees-Structure and Function. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0931-1890. ; 18:6, s. 686-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaf diffusive conductance for water (g(l)) and twig xylem pressure (psi(xt)) was measured in juvenile silver birch, Betula pendula, under field conditions in southern Sweden. Data from one site were used to parameterise two different multiplicative models for g(l) (dependent data), and measurements from another site were used to validate these models (independent data). In addition, experiments were performed in controlled environments to validate the g(l) response functions used in the models. The driving variables in the D-model were photosynthetic photon flux density, air temperature and water vapour pressure deficit of the air (D-a), while the DH-model also included the accumulated hours after sunrise each day with D-a above a certain threshold (H). Both models satisfactorily predicted the variation in g(l) in dependent as well as in independent data, and the g(l) response functions used were supported by the experiments in controlled environments. The DH-model was more successful in predicting g(l) than the D-model by accounting for the observation that g(l) was lower at higher H under similar weather conditions. There was a considerable variation in maximum g(l) during the season, as well as between the two sites. On relatively warm and dry days psi(xt) rapidly declined during the morning and then stabilized around a constant value until the late afternoon, with the stomatal regulation effectively preventing psi(xt) from decreasing below this value. We suggest that these models could be used to simulate the g(l) in juvenile birch if maximum g(l) is locally estimated and if the response functions are not extrapolated beyond the climate range for this study.
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