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- Iwald, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Acidifying effect of removal of tree stumps and logging residues as compared to atmospheric deposition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 290, s. 49-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harvesting of stumps and logging residues for bioenergy can be expected to increase in the future. An increased biomass export from the forest will increase the biological acidification, measured as net cation (cations-anions) export. The aim of this study is to estimate the acidifying effect that various levels of harvesting of tree stumps and logging residues will have in Sweden, and compare this with the acidification currently caused by acid deposition. Estimations of yearly logging of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) and birch (Betula spp.) on county-level were made based on scenario data from forestry consequence analyses and data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory. Data of cation and anion contents in tree parts were used to calculate the net cation extraction per area unit resulting from harvesting of stumps, stem-wood and logging residues, respectively. County-level data were merged into data for three different regions representing a gradient in deposition and climate.Results indicate that harvesting of stumps constitutes 13-24% of total (stumps + stem-wood + logging residues) excess cation extraction, depending on harvest intensity and tree species. Harvesting of logging residues constitutes 27-45% of total net cation extraction. The higher acidifying effect of logging residues can be explained by the higher contents of base cations in needles and branches compared to stem-wood. In a comparison between total net cation extraction by tree harvesting and maximum levels of current acid deposition the acidifying effect of pine harvesting is 57-108% of that of acid deposition, the acidifying effect of spruce harvesting is 114-263% while the acidifying effect of birch harvesting is 60-171%. Concerning the amount of acid input to the soil per unit heating value as biofuel, stump harvesting generates 12-27 eq H+ MWh(-1) while logging residue harvesting generates 39-66 eq H+ MWh(-1).Stump harvesting generates a higher heating value per area unit than logging residue harvesting and results in a lower acid input to the soil per unit heating value generated. Thus, from a strict nutrient balance and acidification perspective stump harvesting is a better alternative than harvesting of logging residues. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Karltun, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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HTO : a complementary ergonomics perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management - XI. ; , s. 355-360
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the broad field of ergonomics and human factors provides a strong potential in systems analysis, design and improvement, the focus risks being perceived unclear for different stakeholders. This paper addresses how focusing the interactions between Humans, Technology and Organization by using the HTO concept contributes to the understanding, communication and use of systems thinking inherent in the discipline of Ergonomics and Human Factors. The authors’ experiences illustrate how the use of the HTO concept in various industries and in academic teaching gives advantages regarding interactions, communicativeness, attractiveness, activity and pedagogical benefits.
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| 6. |
- Karltun, Anette, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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HTO - a complementary ergonomics perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management – xi Nordic Ergonomics Society Annual Conference – 46, Copenhagen, August 17-20. - : Nordic Ergonomics Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Karltun, Anette, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive Oral Assessment Supporting Active Learning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International CDIO Conference, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, June 16-19, 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CDIO standards stress the importance of using a variety of examination methods for effective learning assessment as well as active learning methods to help the students develop skills in applying knowledge to new settings. Oral assessment methods in a more traditional form where students answer questions in oral form instead of in written seems to be underrepresented in practice as well as in the literature although it has many benefits in supporting active learning and reaching learning outcomes. The oral examination method has been used during ten years within the field of Industrial Engineering and Management at the School of Engineering at Jönköping University in Sweden. The aim of this paper is to show how the oral assessment method has been successfully used in contributing to active learning in engineering education and lessons learned from this experience. The experience shows that by having students undertaking the assessment in groups, an active learning occasion is created by interaction between students as well as students and teacher. Through the design of the assessment the teacher has the opportunity to help the students to make connections between detailed knowledge and system understanding as well as among key concepts and to the application of knowledge to new settings. The assessment procedure also supports the teacher to discern the learning outcomes from each student. Further, the interaction between the teacher and the students during the assessment helps the teacher to capture what improvements need to be made in teaching and learning.
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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The unsung contribution of production planners and schedulers at production and sales interfaces
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 47-81
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter sets out to demonstrate the unsung contribution of production planners and schedulers in manufacturing businesses. In particular it focuses on their contribution at production and sales interfaces by highlighting their activities and influence across functional interfaces, and the knowledge and skills they apply to make and implement planning and scheduling decisions. To achieve this it addresses the following questions in relation to these interfaces: What tasks and work activities does planning, scheduling and control consist of in relation to these interfaces? How do planners and schedulers perform their tasks? How can planners’ and schedulers’ activities related to production and sales interfaces be captured and modelled? How do planners and schedulers influence others in the organization? What knowledge do they contribute and how is it incorporated into decisions?
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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The Unsung Contribution of Production Planners and Schedulers at Production and Sales Interfaces
- 2010
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Ingår i: Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642133817 ; , s. 47-81
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human and organizational factors have a substantial impact on the performance of planning and scheduling processes. Despite widespread and advanced decision support systems, human decision makers are still crucial to improve the operational performance in manufacturing industries. In this text, the state of the art in this area is discussed by experts from a wide variety of engineering and social science disciplines. Moreover, recent results from collaborative studies and a number of field cases are presented. The text is targeted at researchers and graduate students, but is also particularly useful for managers, consultants, and system developers to better understand how human performance can be advanced.Show more Show less
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