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- Jaiswal, Siddhartha, et al.
(author)
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Age-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Associated with Adverse Outcomes.
- 2014
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 371:26, s. 2488-2498
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The incidence of hematologic cancers increases with age. These cancers are associated with recurrent somatic mutations in specific genes. We hypothesized that such mutations would be detectable in the blood of some persons who are not known to have hematologic disorders. Methods We analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from DNA in the peripheral-blood cells of 17,182 persons who were unselected for hematologic phenotypes. We looked for somatic mutations by identifying previously characterized single-nucleotide variants and small insertions or deletions in 160 genes that are recurrently mutated in hematologic cancers. The presence of mutations was analyzed for an association with hematologic phenotypes, survival, and cardiovascular events. Results Detectable somatic mutations were rare in persons younger than 40 years of age but rose appreciably in frequency with age. Among persons 70 to 79 years of age, 80 to 89 years of age, and 90 to 108 years of age, these clonal mutations were observed in 9.5% (219 of 2300 persons), 11.7% (37 of 317), and 18.4% (19 of 103), respectively. The majority of the variants occurred in three genes: DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1. The presence of a somatic mutation was associated with an increase in the risk of hematologic cancer (hazard ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9 to 32.6), an increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8), and increases in the risks of incident coronary heart disease (hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.4) and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.8). Conclusions Age-related clonal hematopoiesis is a common condition that is associated with increases in the risk of hematologic cancer and in all-cause mortality, with the latter possibly due to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
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- Koistinen, Arto P, et al.
(author)
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Short-term exercise-induced improvements in bone properties are for the most part not maintained during aging in hamsters.
- 2014
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In: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6815 .- 0531-5565. ; 51, s. 46-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Physical exercise during growth affects composition, structure and mechanical properties of bone. In this study we investigated whether the beneficial effects of exercise during the early growth phase have long-lasting effects or not. Female Syrian golden hamsters (total n=152) were used in this study. Half of the hamsters had access to running wheels during their rapid growth phase (from 1 to 3months of age). The hamsters were sacrificed at the ages of 1, 3, 12, and 15months. The diaphysis of the mineralized humerus was analyzed with microCT and subjected to three-point-bending mechanical testing. The trabecular bone in the tibial metaphysis was also analyzed with microCT. The collagen matrix of the humerus bone was studied by tensile testing after decalcification. The weight of the hamsters as well as the length of the bone and the volumetric bone mineral density (BMDvol) of the humerus was higher in the running group at the early age (3months). Moreover, the mineralized bone showed improved mechanical properties in humerus and had greater trabecular thickness in the subchondral bone of tibia in the runners. However, by the age of 12 and 15months, these differences were equalized with the sedentary group. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of decalcified humerus were higher in the runners at early stage, indicating a stronger collagen network. In tibial metaphysis, trabecular thickness was significantly higher for the runners in the old age groups (12 and 15months). Our study demonstrates that physical exercise during growth improves either directly or indirectly through weight gain bone properties of the hamsters. However, the beneficial effects were for the most part not maintained during aging.
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- Lammi, Mikko, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Adhesion and spreading of different skeletal celltypes on variable surface coatings
- 2012
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In: 2012 5th International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI 2012). - : IEEE. - 9781467311830 ; , s. 582-587
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The adhesion and spreading of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), bovine primary chondrocytes and human osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2) cultured on various coated surfaces were examined to determine whether different materials coated on the silicon wafer could affect the growth of the different cell types. The amorphous diamond (AD), titania (TiO2), alumina (Al2O3) or carbon nitride (C3N4) coating on the silicon wafer was obtained by using ultra short pulsed laser deposition. The differences in surface characteristics were characterized with atomic force microscope and contact angles and zeta potential measurements. Human MSCs, bovine primary chondrocytes and Saos-2 osteoblasts were cultured for 48 h in direct contact with AD-, TiO2-, Al2O3- and C3N4-coated surfaces. Cell proliferation was assayed with MTT assay. The morphology, adhesion and spreading of the cultured cells were examined with scanning electron microscope. Human MSCs had the highest cell number after 48-h-culture on all of the different coated surfaces, followed by Saos-2 osteoblasts, and then bovine primary chondrocytes. The morphological appearance of MSCs, chondrocytes and Saos-2 osteoblasts remained as original. No statistically significant differences on cell proliferation were found among the different coated surfaces. Ultra short pulsed laser deposited high quality AD-, TiO2-, Al2O3- and C3N4-coated surfaces, and provided a good environment for the adhesion and spreading of the hMSCs, primary chondrocytes and Saos-2 osteoblasts
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