| 1. |
- Camarasa, Clara, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers and barriers to energy-efficient technologies (EETs) in EU residential buildings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy and Built Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-1233. ; 2:3, s. 290-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve carbon targets, the European Union (EU) aims to promote nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB). To enable the necessary transition, technical solutions need to converge with socio-economic factors, such values and awareness of stakeholders involved in the decision-making process. In this light, the aim of this paper is to characterise perceived drivers and barriers to nine energy-efficient technologies (EET), according to key decision-makers' and persuaders of the technology selection in the EU residential building context. Results are collected across eight EU countries, i.e. Belgium (BE), Germany (DE), Spain (ES), France (FR), Italy (IT), Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), and United Kingdom (UK). The stakeholders’ selected are architects, construction companies, engineers, installers and demand-side actors. Data from a multi-country survey is analysed to calculate the share of 15 drivers and 21 barriers (aggregated to 5 groups), being selected for each EET and country. The 5 groups considered to analyse drivers and barriers are environmental, technical, economic, social, legal. The perceived barriers and drivers were further studied for their association across the countries using the Pearson's Chi2 and a Cramer's V tests. The results demonstrate that across all EETs and countries, the technical and economic driver groups are perceived to have the highest potential to increase the implementation rate of EET. In terms of barriers, economic aspects are seen as the foremost reason that EET are not scaling faster. In both drivers and barriers legal aspects are the least often selected. In overall the barrier groups show significant variation across countries compared to driver groups. These findings provide an evidence-basis to better understand arguments in favour and against specific EETs and, in this way, support policy makers and other interested parties to increase the market share of the selected solutions.
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| 2. |
- Camarasa, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Energy-efficient retrofit measures (EERM) in residential buildings: An application of discrete choice modelling
- 2021
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-country evidence on the adoption of energy-efficient retrofit measures (EERMs) in residential buildings is critical to supporting the development of national and pan-European policies aimed at fostering the energy performance upgrade of the building stock. In this light, the aim of this paper is to advance in the understanding of the probability of certain EERMs taking place in eight EU countries, according to a set of parameters, such as building typology, project types, and motivation behind the project. Using these parameters collected via a multi-country online survey, a set of discrete-choice (conditional logit) models are estimated on the probability of selecting a choice of any combination of 33 EERMs across the sampled countries. Results show that actions related to the building envelope are the most often-addressed across countries and single building elements or technology measures have a higher probability of being implemented. The modelling framework developed in this study contributes to the scientific community in three ways: (1) establishing an empirical relationship among EERMs and project (i.e., retrofit and deep retrofit), (2) identifying commonalities and differences across the selected countries, and (3) quantifying the probabilities and market shares of various EERMs.
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| 3. |
- Holguín-Veras, José, et al.
(författare)
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Freight mode choice: Results from a nationwide qualitative and quantitative research effort
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564. ; 143, s. 78-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research reported in this paper focused on studying various aspects of freight mode choice in the continental United States (US) including the influencing factors, the development of econometric models to assess the impacts of public-sector policies and changes in market conditions. To gain insight into this complex subject, the team used qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The qualitative effort involved In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with a highly selective group of leading shippers, carriers, and receivers. The IDIs provided insight into the key factors that influence mode choice, and the barriers that limit mode shifts. The quantitative effort estimated econometric models that express freight mode choice as a function of key independent variables. A unique aspect of this research is that the models were estimated using high-quality confidential data under the custody of the United States’ Census Bureau, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Surface Transportation Board, including: the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS), the largest shipper survey in the world; the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD), a comprehensive registry of commercial establishments in the US; and the Waybill Sample, a 5% sample; together with custom-made datasets of modal characteristics prepared by the authors. Using these data, the team estimated discrete-continuous freight mode choice models representing the choice of rail or truck for 42 different commodity types, and different combinations of independent variables and weighting schemes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the research conducted.
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| 4. |
- Holguin-Veras, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Service trip attraction in commercial establishments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1366-5545. ; 149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial traffic in urban areas has not received the level of attention it deserves. Notwithstanding recent research on freight trip generation, other components of commercial traffic, such as commercial service traffic, have been largely overlooked. This is ironic, as the service sector represents a major and growing portion of urban and metropolitan economies. The research reported in this paper intends to help fill an important research gap through analyses of unique survey data collected by the authors. To this effect, the research comprehensively characterizes service visits to commercial establishments?in terms of frequency, purpose, duration, time of day, and other characteristics?by industry sector for two metropolitan areas. In addition, the authors estimated econometric models that express the number of service trips to commercial establishments as a function of the economic characteristics of the establishment and assessed the geographic transferability of the models obtained. To gain insight into the overall magnitude of service-related traffic, the models were applied to publicly available data to estimate the service activity in American cities of various sizes. The resulting service traffic are then used to estimate of parking requirements of service and freight vehicles for the most congested ZIP codes at these cities. The paper ends with a discussion of chief findings and policy implications.
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