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| 2. |
- Bonander, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A regression discontinuity analysis of the social distancing recommendations for older adults in Sweden during COVID-19.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:5, s. 799-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This paper investigates the impact of a non-mandatory and age-specific social distancing recommendation on isolation behaviors and disease outcomes in Sweden during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March to July, 2020). The policy stated that people aged 70 years or older should avoid crowded places and contact with people outside the household.METHODS: We used a regression discontinuity design-in combination with self-reported isolation data from COVID Symptom Study Sweden (n = 96,053; age range: 39-79 years) and national register data (age range: 39-100+ years) on severe COVID-19 disease (hospitalization or death, n = 21,804) and confirmed cases (n = 48,984)-to estimate the effects of the policy.RESULTS: Our primary analyses showed a sharp drop in the weekly number of visits to crowded places (-13%) and severe COVID-19 cases (-16%) at the 70-year-threshold. These results imply that the age-specific recommendations prevented approximately 1,800 to 2,700 severe COVID-19 cases, depending on model specification.CONCLUSION: It seems that the non-mandatory, age-specific recommendations helped control COVID-19 disease during the first wave of the pandemic in Sweden, as opposed to not implementing a social distancing policy aimed at older adults. Our study provides empirical data on how populations may react to non-mandatory, age-specific social distancing policies in the face of a novel virus.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Online appendix with figures, tables, extra methods and results.
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| 3. |
- Bonander, Carl, 1988-
(författare)
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Assessing the effects of societal injury control interventions
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Injuries have emerged as one of the biggest public health issues of the 21th century. Yet, the causal effects of injury control strategies are often questioned due to a lack of randomized experiments. In this thesis, a set of quasi-experimental methods are applied and discussed in the light of causal inference theory and the type of data commonly available in injury surveillance systems. I begin by defining the interrupted time series design as a special case of the regression-discontinuity design, and the method is applied to two empirical cases. The first is a ban on the sale and production of non-reduced ignition propensity (RIP) cigarettes, and the second is a tightening of the licensing rules for mopeds. A two-way fixed effects model is then applied to a case with time-varying starting dates, attempting to identify the causal effects of municipality-provided home help services for the elderly. Lastly, the effect of the Swedish bicycle helmet law is evaluated using the comparative interrupted time series and synthetic control methods. The results from the empirical studies suggest that the stricter licensing rules and the bicycle helmet law were effective in reducing injury rates, while the home help services and RIP cigarette interventions have had limited or no impact on safety as measured by fatalities and hospital admissions. I conclude that identification of the impact of injury control interventions is possible using low cost means. However, the ability to infer causality varies greatly by empirical case and method, which highlights the important role of causal inference theory in applied intervention research. While existing methods can be used with data from injury surveillance systems, additional improvements and development of new estimators specifically tailored for injury data will likely further enhance the ability to draw causal conclusions in natural settings. Implications for future research and recommendations for practice are also discussed.
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| 4. |
- Cui, Y. X., et al.
(författare)
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Nanocavity antenna array for enhancing extraordinary optical transmission of light through a metallic nanoslit
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical physics. - 0740-3224 .- 1520-8540. ; 26:11, s. 2131-2135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transmission of light through a single nanoslit milled in the metallic film is enhanced by using an array of nanocavity antennas. It is shown that transmission efficiency through a 25-nm-wide silver nanoslit can be enhanced to eta = 151 when six pairs of nanostrips are placed 50 nm away from the input surface of the silver film at wavelength lambda(0) = 1 mu m. The influences of both the nanoslit position and the slit-to-strip distance on the extraordinary transmission are investigated, and the physical mechanism is explained.
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| 5. |
- Eppe, Manfred, et al.
(författare)
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h-approximation : History-Based Approximation of Possible World Semantics as ASP
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We propose a history-based approximation of the Possible Worlds Semantics (PWS) for reasoning about knowledge and action. A respective planning system is implemented by a transformation of the problem domain to an Answer-Set Program. The novelty of our approach is elaboration tolerant support for postdiction under the condition that the plan existence problem is still solvable in NP, as compared to ΣP2 for non-approximated PWS of Son and Baral [19]. We demonstrate our planner with standard problems and present its integration in a cognitive robotics framework for high-level control in a smart home.
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| 6. |
- Galka, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomic characterization of the whole secretome of Legionella pneumophila and functional analysis of outer membrane vesicles.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - 1098-5522. ; 76:5, s. 1825-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Secretion of effector molecules is one of the major mechanisms by which the intracellular human pathogen Legionella pneumophila interacts with host cells during infection. Specific secretion machineries which are responsible for the subfraction of secreted proteins (soluble supernatant proteins [SSPs]) and the production of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) both contribute to the protein composition of the extracellular milieu of this lung pathogen. Here we present comprehensive proteome reference maps for both SSPs and OMVs. Protein identification and assignment analyses revealed a total of 181 supernatant proteins, 107 of which were specific to the SSP fraction and 33 of which were specific to OMVs. A functional classification showed that a large proportion of the identified OMV proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of Legionnaires' disease. Zymography and enzyme assays demonstrated that the SSP and OMV fractions possess proteolytic and lipolytic enzyme activities which may contribute to the destruction of the alveolar lining during infection. Furthermore, it was shown that OMVs do not kill host cells but specifically modulate their cytokine response. Binding of immunofluorescently stained OMVs to alveolar epithelial cells, as visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy, suggested that there is delivery of a large and complex group of proteins and lipids in the infected tissue in association with OMVs. On the basis of these new findings, we discuss the relevance of protein sorting and compartmentalization of virulence factors, as well as environmental aspects of the vesicle-mediated secretion.
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| 9. |
- Kock, Henrik, 1952-
(författare)
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Learning in Team-based Production
- 2002
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Ingår i: Arbete, människa, miljö & Nordisk ergonomi. - 1402-859X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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