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- Almqvist, C, et al.
(författare)
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School as a risk environment for children allergic to cats and a site for transfer of cat allergen to homes
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 103:6, s. 1012-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many children are allergic to furred pets and avoid direct pet contact. The school may be a site of indirect exposure to pet allergens, which may induce or maintain symptoms of allergic diseases.OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate airborne levels of cat allergen (Fel d 1) at schools and in homes with or without cats and to study clothes as a route for dissemination of allergens between homes and school.METHODS: Airborne cat allergen was collected with personal samplers from (1) children attending classes with many (>25%) or few (<10%) cat owners and (2) homes with or without cats. A recently developed amplified ELISA assay, which detects low levels of airborne cat allergen in pet-free environments, was used. Dust samples were collected from clothes and mattresses.RESULTS: There was a 5-fold difference in the median levels of airborne cat allergen between classes with many and few cat owners (2.94 vs 0.59 ng/m3; P <.001). The median airborne cat allergen concentration in classes with many cat owners was significantly higher than that found in the homes of non-cat owners (P <.001) but lower than that found in homes with cats (P <.001). Allergen levels in non-cat owners' clothes increased after a school day (P <.001). Non-cat owners in classes with many cat owners had higher levels of mattress-bound cat allergen (P =.01).CONCLUSION: The results indicate significant exposure to cat allergen at school. Allergen is spread through clothing from homes with cats to classrooms. There the allergen is dispersed in air and contaminates the clothes of children without cats. The allergen levels in non-cat owners' homes correlate with exposure to cat allergen at school.
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- da Cruz Francisco, José, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of Gelatinization of Cassava and Potato Starch in an Aqueous Lipid Phase (L2) Compared to Water
- 1996
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - 0268-005X. ; 10:3, s. 317-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The competition for water between an aqueous lipid phase (L2) and gelatinizing starch was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and light microscopy, were used to study the gelatinization behaviour of cassava and potato starch in the thermodynamically stable water containing (i.e. 13% w/w water) oil-continuous L2-phase. This was compared to the gelatinization of the two starches in limited and excess water (i.e. 56 and 77% w/w eater). The heating of 10.0% w/w cassava and potato starch in the L2-phase resulted in a 20 degrees shift upwards in temperature for the onset temperature and the temperature of peak maximum of the starch gelatinization compared with the starch-water samples with limited or excess water. Results from the microscopy, study showed that heating a gradually increasing amount of starch in the L2-phase shifts the gelatinization interval to increasingly higher temperatures. The enthalpy of gelatinization was reduced with >50% when the 10.0% w/w cassava and potato starch were gelatinized in the L2-phase. This is due to that part of the water is associated to the lipids in the L2-phase in such a way that it is not available for the starch. X-ray diffraction examinations of the cassava starch showed that the diffraction pattern was of the A-type. When the water content was increased the pattern changed towards the C-type.
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