| 1. |
- Back Danielsson, Ing-Marie, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Preface
- 2009
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Borde, Annika, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Osmotic-driven mass transport of water: Impact on the adhesiveness of hydrophilic polymers
- 2009
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In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-7103 .- 0021-9797. ; 341:2, s. 255-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adhesion is an important property for the functionality of many medical devices. One reason for the development of adhesive forces is dehydration caused by mass transport of water. Osmotic pressure is one main driving force for mass transport and the correlation between osmotic pressure and adhesive force has not been studied yet, which was the aim of the present study. A model system was used where a Carbopol tablet was lowered onto a 1% (w/w) agarose gel. The force required to detach the tablet (adhesive force) and the weight gain of the tablet (as a measure of transported water) were determined. Sodium chloride and mannitol were added to the agarose gel to decrease the osmotic pressure difference between the agarose gel and the partially hydrated Carbopol tablet. This resulted in a decrease of both mass transport and adhesive force. In addition, experiments with restricted water transport within the agarose gel were performed by preparing gels with different agarose concentrations. An increase of the agarose concentration resulted in decreased water transport and higher adhesive forces. Hence, the results confirmed our hypothesis that osmotic-driven mass transport and restricted mass transport of water correlate very well with the adhesive force.
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| 3. |
- Brackmann, Christian, 1973, et al.
(author)
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CARS microscopy of lipid stores in yeast: the impact of nutritional state and genetic background
- 2009
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In: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. - : Wiley. - 0377-0486 .- 1097-4555. ; 40:7, s. 748-756
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have developed a protocol for sub-micrometer resolved and chemically specific imaging of lipid storage in vivo employing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy of one of the most important model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae - the yeast cell. By probing the carbon-hydrogen vibration using the nonlinear process of CARS, lipid droplets in the yeast cells clearly appear, as confirmed by comparative studies on relevant labeled organelles using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. From the images, unique quantitative data can be deduced with high three-dimensional resolution, such as the volume, shape, number, and intracellular location of the neutral lipid stores. We exemplify the strength and usability of the method for two cases: the impact on lipid storage of the nutritional condition (starvation and type of carbon source available) as well as of genetic modification of two fundamental metabolic regulation pathways involving carbohydrate and lipid storage (BCY1 and DGA1, LRO1, ARE1/2 deletions), respectively. While the impact of carbon source on the total cellular lipid volume was minimal, long-term starvation induces a significant accumulation of lipid droplets. We also confirm that the lipid-storage-deficient mutant is indeed unable to synthesize lipid droplets, and that the inability of the bcy1-mutant to store carbohydrates is compensated by a two-fold increase in stored neutral lipids. We note that there is a significant cell-to-cell variability in neutral lipid storage in general, i.e. that there is a correspondence to the noise found for gene expression also in lipidomics. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Brämerson, Annika, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Event-related potentials in patients with olfactory loss.
- 2008
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In: Acta oto-laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 128:10, s. 1126-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONCLUSION: The olfactory event-related potential (OERP) method provides a means of objectively assessing olfactory function. However, further validation is needed before OERPs can be routinely applied in clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To assess OERPs in patients with olfactory impairment and in healthy controls to investigate possible dose-response effects of odor concentration on OERP parameters in these groups, thereby exploring possibilities and limitations regarding the clinical utility of the OERP method. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with a history of impaired olfactory function and 24 controls participated in the study. Olfactory function was assessed with psychophysical tests, i.e. assessment of the odor threshold, and odor identification. OERPs were obtained in response to the olfactory stimulant butanol at two different concentrations, presented via an olfactometer. RESULTS: The OERP amplitudes increased and the latencies shortened with increasing stimulus concentration. Furthermore, a difference between the groups was found, with higher OERP amplitudes and shorter latencies in healthy subjects compared with patients.
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| 5. |
- Cabric, Sanja, et al.
(author)
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Islet Surface Heparinization Prevents the Instant-Blood Mediated Inflammatory Reaction in Islet Transplantation
- 2007
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 56:8, s. 2008-2015
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE—In clinical islet transplantation, the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is a major factor contributing to the poor initial engraftment of the islets. This reaction is triggered by tissue factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, expressed by the transplanted pancreatic islets when the islets come in contact with blood in the portal vein. All currently identified systemic inhibitors of the IBMIR are associated with a significantly increased risk of bleeding or other side effects. To avoid systemic treatment, the aim of the present study was to render the islet graft blood biocompatible by applying a continuous heparin coating to the islet surface.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A biotin/avidin technique was used to conjugate preformed heparin complexes to the surface of pancreatic islets. This endothelial-like coating was achieved by conjugating barely 40 IU heparin per full-size clinical islet transplant.RESULTS—Both in an in vitro loop model and in an allogeneic porcine model of clinical islet transplantation, this heparin coating provided protection against the IBMIR. Culturing heparinized islets for 24 h did not affect insulin release after glucose challenge, and heparin-coated islets cured diabetic mice in a manner similar to untreated islets.CONCLUSIONS—This novel pretreatment procedure prevents intraportal thrombosis and efficiently inhibits the IBMIR without increasing the bleeding risk and, unlike other pretreatment procedures (e.g., gene therapy), without inducing acute or chronic toxicity in the islets.
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| 6. |
- Dahlgren Sandberg, Annika, 1946, et al.
(author)
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Early linguistic experiences and development of theory of mind in children with severe speech and physical impairments
- 2006
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In: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Theory of mind (ToM) refers to our ability to attribute thoughts, beliefs and feelings to ourselves and to other people, and to our understanding that our actions are governed by these thoughts, beliefs and feelings. This ability is crucial in social interaction and communication. The question of how to explain the development of ToM is still unsettled. Early exposure to communication is one possible prerequisite. If this is the case, then one would expect development of ToM to be affected in children with different communicative impairments. In accordance with this expectation, recent studies have in fact shown that deaf children without early exposure to sign language (Peterson & Siegal, 1999) have difficulties in solving tasks requiring a ToM. Other examples are children with developmental language delay. From this perspective, the development of theory of mind in children with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI) is most interesting, considering the problems experienced by children with SSPI within the area of early social experience and communication. Methods: In three studies 14, 6 and 16 participants with severe speech and physical impairments participated. Also participating was a group of children, matched to the focus group for mental and linguistic age. They were presented a range of tasks to track the development of ToM: pretend play, perceptual tasks, 1st and 2nd order false belief tasks (so called Change of location tasks) and an Unexpected content task. Results: Findings from our research suggest that the children have difficulties solving the ToM-tasks, but that they follow a normal pattern of development with severe delay compared to children without disability. Conclusions: There are different possible explanations to the childrens early failure to solve ToM-tasks: 1.Limited linguistic and conversational competence 2.Memory problems 3.Lack of experiences, e.g. pretend play 4.Lack of opportunities to take other persons perspectives The ability to take someone elses perspective is crucial in social interaction and communication. Interpersonal communication enhances this ability. It is therefore important not only to provide children with SSPI with appropriate and sufficient communication aids, such as Bliss for example, but also to provide experiences and the tools with which to use communication aids in an efficient manner. References: Peterson, C. C., & Siegal, M. (1999). Representing Inner Worlds: Theory of mind in Autistic, Deaf, and Normal Hearing Children. Psychological Science, 10, 126-129.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ejhed, Helene, et al.
(author)
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Miljömålsuppföljning Ingen övergödning 1995 och 2005 : Slutrapport
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En uppföljning av två delmål för miljökvalitetsmålet Ingen övergödning mellan år 1995 och 2005 har genomförts av SMED på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. Det gäller specifikt delmålen om tillförseln av kväve och fosfor till havet respektive till vatten. Underlag och indata till beräkningarna har tagits fram inom det parallella PLC5- projektet som genomförs för rapportering till HELCOM och från TRK-projektet (Brandt och Ejhed 2002). Metodik för beräkningarna har utvecklats mycket sedan TRK-projektet och beskrivs utförligt i rapporten. En av de största förändringarna i metodik har genomförts för fosfor belastningsberäkningar från jordbruksmark där nya mer fysikaliska modeller använts. Ytterligare en stor förändring har varit användning av Tekniskt Beräkningssystem Vatten (TBV) som ska medföra en mer kvalitetssäkrad hantering av beräkningarnaResultaten i denna rapport presenteras och bedöms med avseende på kvalitet och jämförs med transporterade mängder i flodmynningarna, TRK-resultat och resultat i HBV-NP.Resultaten visar att den antropogena belastningen av kväve minskat med cirka 25 % från år 1995 till år 2005 för de svenska vattenburna utsläppen till haven söder om Ålands hav. Delmålet för kväve anger en minskning med 30 % till år 2010.Resultaten visar vidare att den antropogena bruttobelastningen av fosfor minskat med cirka 14 % från år 1995 till år 2005 för de svenska vattenburna utsläppen till sjöar, vattendrag och kustvatten. Delmålet för fosfor anger en minskning med minst 20 procent till år 2010
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| 9. |
- Ekvall, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Avfallsprevention och giftfri miljö
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avfallsprevention genom ökad materialeffektivitet ger ofta miljöfördelar, t ex i form av minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser, eftersom det bidrar till att hålla nere energiintensiv materialproduktion. Syftet med detta projekt är att undersöka om ökad materialeffektivitet också bidrar till minskade utsläpp av farliga ämnen. Minskar eller ökar utsläppen av farliga ämnen om man ökar materialeffektiviteten? Finns det någon tydlig korrelation eller ej? Med farliga ämnen menar vi framförallt ämnen som hanteras av miljömålet Giftfri miljö och i Naturvårdsverkets strategi för giftfria och resurssnåla kretslopp (GRK), men också andra ämnen som påverkar människors hälsa. Vi utgår ifrån olika strategier för ökad materialeffektivitet (se Tabell S). För varje strategi identifierar vi exempel på hur den leder till ökade eller minskade utsläpp av farliga ämnen. Vi lyfter särskilt fram exempel och slutsatser som rör byggsektorn och livsmedelskedjan, eftersom de lyfts fram som prioriterade områden i GRK-strategin. Utifrån de identifierade exemplen drar vi slutsatsen att det finns många fall där ökad materialeffektivitet också bidrar till en mer giftfri miljö (se Tabell S). I vissa fall ger materialeffektiviteten viktiga miljöfördelar utöver att själva materialproduktionen minskar. Det gäller t ex fallet med småbilar. Det finns dock fall när ökad materialeffektivitet vare sig bidrar till giftfrihet eller andra miljöförbättringar. Det finns även fall där ökad materialeffektivitet bidrar till minskat energibehov, men ändå riskerar att öka användningen av farliga ämnen och/eller spridningen av dem i miljön. Slutligen finns risk för så kallade rebound-effekter om den ökade materialeffektiviteten är kostnadseffektiv. Vår samlade bedömning är att ökad materialeffektivitet ofta ger miljöfördelar också i form av minskade utsläpp av farliga ämnen. Sambandet verkar dock vara svagare än mellan materialeffektivitet och minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser. Osäkerheten är också större, eftersom frågan om farliga utsläpp är mer komplex. Man bör t ex ta hänsyn till farligheten hos ämnet och inte bara till den använda eller utsläppta mängden. Frågan är dessutom mindre utforskad. Ämnet för vår studie omfattar i princip alla material, alla produkter och alla produktionsprocesser. Vi har långt ifrån täckt ämnet fullständigt. Viktiga delar av studien är också relativt ytliga. Våra slutsatser skulle bli säkrare och mer välgrundade om studien breddas med fler exempel och/eller fördjupas på de punkter där den är ytlig. I förlängningen kan också systemanalyser vara motiverade, t ex inför implementeringen av EUs nya ramdirektiv om avfall (EU 2008) i svensk rätt.
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| 10. |
- Holme, Lotta, et al.
(author)
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Disability, Life Course and Ageing
- 2008
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In: Paper presented at the 19th Nordic Congress of Gerontology. Oslo, May 25-28, 2008.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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