| 1. |
- Lundmark, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The use of protective earth as a distributor of fields and radiation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biological effects of EMFs. - Heraklio : Workshop on Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. - 9608673305
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apart from being a safety arrangement, the protective earth, PE, is also defined as an equipotential plane which serves as a reference voltage for a circuit. Interest in the PE for EMC reasons is focused on an equipotential point. Still, most PE installation on site is carried out as a safety arrangement. In order to fulfill EMC standards regarding low emission, equipment is shielded and the shield is connected to the PE wire.The purpose of this paper is to show that electrical equipment distributes its electrical fields using the PE wire. Measurements have been taken on light fittings.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gill, Richard D., et al.
(författare)
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Accardi contra Bell (cum mundi) : The Impossible Coupling
- 2003
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Ingår i: Mathematical Statistics and Applications. - Hayward, CA : Institute of Mathematical Statistic. - 0940600579 - 9780940600577 ; , s. 133-154
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An experimeotally observed violation of Bell's inequality i.s suppooed to show the failuro of local realism to deal with quantum roality. However, finite statistics and the Lime sequential nature of real experiments still allows a loophole for local roalism. We show that the raodomised design of the Aspect experiment closes this loophole. Our main tool is van de Geer's (1995, 2000) martingale version of the classical Bernstein (1924) incquality guaranteeing, at the root n scale, a not-beavier-than-Gaussian tail of the distribution of a sum of bouoded supermartingale dilferences. The results are used to specify a protocol for a public bet between the author and L. Accardi, who in recont papers (Aocardi and Regal.i, 2000a, b, 2001; Accardi, lmafuku and Regoli, 2002) has claimed to have produced a suite of computer programmes, to be run on a network of computers, wbich will simulate a violation of Bell's inequalites. At a sarnple size of twenty five thousand, botb error probabilities are guaranteed smaller than about one in a million, provided we adhere to tho sequential randomized design while Accardi aims for tbe greatest possible violation allowed by quantum mechanics.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Jan-Åke, 1969-
(författare)
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A Kochen-Specker inequality
- 2002
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 58:6, s. 799-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By probabilistic means, the concept of contextuality is extended so that it can be used in non-ideal situations. An inequality is presented, which at least in principle enables a test to discard non-contextual hidden-variable models at low error rates, in the spirit of the Kochen-Specker theorem. Assuming that the errors are independent, an explicit error bound of 1.42% is derived, below which a Kochen-Specker contradiction occurs.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Jan-Åke, 1969-
(författare)
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A possible unification of the Copenhagen and the Bohm interpretations using local realism
- 2000
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Ingår i: Foundations of physics letters. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0894-9875 .- 1572-9524. ; 13:5, s. 477-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well-known in the physics community that the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics is very different from the Bohm interpretation. Usually, a local realistic model is thought to be even further from these two, as in its purest form it cannot even yield the probabilities from quantum mechanics by the Bell theorem. Nevertheless, by utilizing the “efficiency loophole” such a model can mimic the quantum probabilities, and more importantly, in this paper it is shown that it is possible to interpret this latter kind of local realistic model such that it contains elements of reality as found in the Bohm interpretation, while retaining the complementarity present in the Copenhagen interpretation.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Jan-Åke, 1969-
(författare)
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A practical Trojan Horse for Bell-inequality-based quantum cryptography
- 2002
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Ingår i: Quantum information & computation. - : Rinton Press. - 1533-7146. ; 2:6, s. 434-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum Cryptography, or more accurately, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is based on using an unconditionally secure "quantum channel" to share a secret key among two users. A manufacturer of QKD devices could, intentionally or not, use a (semi-) classical channel instead of the quantum channel, which would remove the supposedly unconditional security. One example is the BB84 protocol, where the quantum channel can be implemented in polarization of single photons. Here, use of several photons instead of one to encode each bit of the key provides a similar but insecure system. For protocols based on violation of a Bell inequality (e.g., the Ekert protocol) the situation is somewhat different. While the possibility is mentioned by some authors, it is generally thought that an implementation of a (semi-) classical channel will differ significantly from that of a quantum channel. Here, a counterexample will be given using an identical physical setup as is used in photon-polarization Ekert QKD. Since the physical implementation is identical, a manufacturer may include this modification as a Trojan Horse in manufactured systems, to be activated at will by an eavesdropper. Thus, the old truth of cryptography still holds: you have to trust the manufacturer of your cryptographic device. Even when you do violate the Bell inequality.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Jan-Åke, 1969-
(författare)
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A probabilistic inequality for the Kochen-Specker paradox
- 2001
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Ingår i: Foundations of Probability and Physics,2000. - Singapore : World Scientific. - 9789812810809 ; , s. 236-245
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A probabilistic version of the Kochen-Specker paradox is presented. The paradox is restated in the form of an inequality relating probabilities from a non-contextual hidden-variable model, by formulating the concept of "probabilistic contextuality." This enables an experimental test for contextuality at low experimental error rates. Using the assumption of independent errors, an explicit error bound of 0.71% is derived, below which a Kochen-Specker contradiction occurs.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Jan-Åke, 1969-
(författare)
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Bell inequalities for position measurements
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. - : American Physical Society. - 1050-2947. ; 70:2, s. 022102-1-022102-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bits of the binary expansion of position measurement results were used to derive Bell inequalities for position measurements. The output state of the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) was used to obtain violations of these inequalities. It was shown that the position operator itself, together with other suitable operators, also can be used to violate the Bell inequality, deriving a Bell inequality more suited to the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) setting. It was concluded that the NOPA state cannot be described by a local realist model, despite having a strictly positive Wigner function.
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