| 1. |
- Tevell, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Flutamide metabolism in four different species in vitro and identification of flutamide metabolites in human patient urine by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Drug Metab Dispos. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556. ; 34:6, s. 984-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new metabolic scheme of flutamide is proposed in this article. Some patients treated with flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, have developed severe hepatic dysfunction. Toxic metabolites have been proposed to be responsible for these negative effects. In this study, the qualitative aspects of the in vitro metabolism of flutamide in liver microsomes from human, dog, pig, and rat were evaluated. A direct comparison of the flutamide metabolism in liver and prostate microsomes from pig was made, and the in vivo metabolism of flutamide was investigated in urine from orally treated prostate cancer patients. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used for analysis. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray interface and operated in the negative ion mode. In liver microsomes from pig, dog, and rat, extensive hydroxylation of flutamide occurred. One, two, or three hydroxy groups were attached, and isomeric forms were detected for both monohydroxylated and trihydroxylated drug. In pig liver microsomes, isomers of a third metabolite, hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, were also found after incubation with either flutamide or 2-hydroxyflutamide. In human liver microsomes, the pharmacologically active 2-hydroxyflutamide was the only metabolite detected. Several phase I metabolites as well as four intact phase II metabolites could be recovered from the urine samples. For the first time in humans, glucuronic acid conjugates of hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, and mono- and dihydroxylated flutamide were identified, together with hydroxylated 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline conjugated with sulfate. In addition, one mercapturic acid conjugate of hydroxylated flutamide, probably formed from flutamide via a reactive intermediate, was detected.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gillberg, M., et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal changes in the sleep habits of Swedish adolescents
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 15:Suppl. 1, s. 83-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Sleep habits change during adolescence both for biological and psychological/social reasons. Longitudinal studies on suchhabits are, however, scarce. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the longitudinal changes of subjective sleep habits in Swedish adolescents.Method: The present study was part of a larger investigation mainlyon food habits that originally included all (about 2500) 14 year oldfrom three representative middle-sized Swedish towns. The adolescents filled in questionnaires at 14, 15 and 18 years of age. The 638 adolescents that answered all the questions on their sleephabits at each of the three occasions were included in the present study.Results and discussion: The adolescents developed later weekday bed- and rise times with increasing age (bedtimes from 22:35 h to23:20 h; risetimes from 06:50 h to 07:05 h). Consequently, time inbed on weekday nights decreased (from 8:15 h to 7:45 h). On weekends the adolescents went to bed later (around 2 h) and stayed in bed longer (around 1:20 h) than during the weekdays. Weekend time in bed decreased with increasing age. Differences between genders indicated that the changes observed were more obvious among boys. A dropout analysis implied that those adolescents that only participated at one occasion (at the age of 14) or at two occasions (at 14 and 15 years of age), respectively, went to bed later, woke up later and had shorter sleep compared to those who participated at all three occasions. Hence, the results might not be completely representative.Conclusions: A delay of bedtimes and of shortening of sleep duration as a function of age was observed. Weekend changes showed a delay of bedtimes and a (presumably) compensatory increase in sleep duration. Boys seemed 'worse off'.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lennernäs, Maria, 1956-
(författare)
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Dygnsrytm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Elevhälsa. - 1102-3112. ; :2, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Lennernäs, Maria, 1956-
(författare)
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Dygnsrytm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Elevhälsa. - 1102-3112. ; :2, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Lennernäs, Maria
(författare)
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Dygnsrytm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Elevhälsa. - 1102-3112. ; :2, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lennernäs, Maria, 1956-
(författare)
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Inre miljö lika viktig som yttre
- 2008
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Ingår i: Näringsvärt. - 1653-8137. ; :2, s. 29-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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