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| 2. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Fang, Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Inkjet printing Ag-TiO2 thin films with suppressed photoluminescence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Semiconductor Science and Technology. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0268-1242 .- 1361-6641. ; 34:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With ultraviolet sensitive photochemistry and photoelectric properties, TiO2 is attractive for applications like photocatalysis, photovoltaic devices, and sunscreen products, among others. By coating Ag on TiO2 surface, the sensitivity can be extended to visible light, endowing enhanced properties with potential new applications. In this work we inkjet print Ag-TiO2 films from particle suspensions, and investigate the structure, morphology, Ag distribution and the photoluminescence of the films It is found that Ag nanoparticles form bridges among TiO2 particles during the post-annealing. These metallic bridges can transport the excited electrons and suppress the recombination of electrons and holes with the photoluminescence of the film reduced by more than half. The work provides an industrial applicable, low-cost, environment friendly route of preparing Ag-TiO2 films for attractive photochemistry and photoelectric device applications.
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| 4. |
- Fang, Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning room temperature ferromagnetism of 'in-situ' inkjet printed Fe-doped ZnO films
- 2019
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Ingår i: Semiconductor Science and Technology. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0268-1242 .- 1361-6641. ; 34:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ZnO is a wide-band gap semiconductor widely used in optical and electric devices, associating with ferromagnetism at low dimension endowing its possibility for functional applications with magneto-optical and magneto-electric properties. We prepared ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO thin films 'in-situ' on substrate by inkjet printing, and tuned the room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) of the film by Fe-doping concentration, film thickness and post annealing temperature. It was found that by Fe doping the saturation magnetization (M-s) of the film can be enhanced by more than 4 folds comparing with the un-doped film, i.e. from 0.9 emu g(-1) for the ZnO film to 3.8 emu g(-1) for the Fe-doped ZnO film with comparable thickness. The enhancement was attributed to the introduction of un-paired 3d electrons which formed long range ferromagnetic ordering, as well as the consequent structure changes with smaller grains which increased the interface induced magnetism. By changing the annealing temperature and the film thickness, the defect-induced ferromagnetism was investigated. The RTFM shows thickness dependence with peak saturation magnetization value of 4.44 emu g(-1) for the 45 nm thick film. The work provides an effective way of tuning magnetism in ZnO based films for functional device applications.
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| 5. |
- Fang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality : A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. - Jena, Germany : Elsevier. - 0946-672X .- 1878-3252. ; 38, s. 64-73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although epidemiology studies have reported the relationship, including a dose-response relationship, between dietary magnesium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the risk for CVD mortality is inconclusive and the evidence for a dose-response relationship has not been summarized.Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize the evidence regarding the association of dietary magnesium intake with risk of CVD mortality and describe their dose-response relationship.Design: We identified relevant studies by searching major scientific literature databases and grey literature resources from their inception to August 2015, and reviewed references lists of retrieved articles. We included population-based studies that reported mortality risks, i.e. relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD mortality or cause-specific CVD death. Linear dose-response relationships were assessed using random-effects meta-regression. Potential nonlinear associations were evaluated using restricted cubic splines.Results: Out of 3002 articles, 9 articles from 8 independent studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies comprised 449,748 individuals and 10,313 CVD deaths. Compared with the lowest dietary magnesium consumption group in the population, the risk of CVD mortality was reduced by 16% in women and 8% in men. No significant linear dose-response relationship was found between increment in dietary magnesium intake and CVD mortality across all the studies. After adjusting for age and BMI, the risk of CVD mortality was reduced by 24-25% per 100 mg/d increment in dietary magnesium intake in women of all the participants and in all the US participants.Conclusion: Although the combined data confirm the role of dietary magnesium intake in reducing CVD mortality, the dose-response relationship was only found among women and in US population.
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| 6. |
- Kapilashrami, Mukes, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the magnetic interaction between intrinsic defects and impurity ions in room-temperature ferromagnetic Mg1-xFexO thin films
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 28:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the nature and characteristics of the intrinsic defects and impurities in the dielectric barrier separating the ferromagnetic electrodes in a magnetic tunneling junction is of great importance for understanding the often observed 'barrier-breakdown' therein. In this connection, we present herein systematic experimental (SQUID and synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy) and computational studies on the electronic and magnetic properties of Mg1-xFexO thin films. Our studies reveal: (i) defect aggregates comprised of basic and trimer units (Fe impurity coupled to 1 or 2 Mg vacancies) and (ii) existence of two competing magnetic orders, defect- and dopant-induced, with spin densities aligning anti-parallel if the trimer is present in the oxide matrix. These findings open up new avenues for designing tunneling barriers with high endurance and tunneling effect upon tuning the concentration/distribution of the two magnetic orders.
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| 7. |
- Leepe, Khadija Akter, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effect of daily fine particulate matter pollution on cerebrovascular mortality in Shanghai, China : a population-based time series study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 26:25, s. 25491-25499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies have investigated the impacts of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human health. In this study, we examined the association of daily PM2.5 concentrations with the number of deaths for the cerebrovascular disease on the same day, using the generalized additive model (GAM) controlling for temporal trend and meteorological variables. We used the data between 2012 and 2014 from Shanghai, China, where the adverse health effects of PM2.5 have been of particular concern. Three different approaches (principal component analysis, shrinkage smoothers, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization) were used in GAM to handle multicollinear meteorological variables. Our results indicate that the average daily concentration of PM2.5 in Shanghai was high, 55 μg/m3, with an average daily death for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) of 62. There was 1.7% raised cerebrovascular disease deaths per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration in the unadjusted model. However, PM2.5 concentration was no longer associated with CVD deaths after controlling for meteorological variables. The results were consistent in the three modelling techniques that we used. As a large number of people are exposed to air pollution, further investigation with longer time period including individual-level information is needed to examine the association.
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| 8. |
- Ren, Mengying, et al.
(författare)
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Concentration-Response Relationship between PM2.5 and Daily Respiratory Deaths in China : A Systematic Review and Metaregression Analysis of Time-Series Studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between the particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5.mu m (PM2.5) and daily respiratory deaths, particularly the concentration-response pattern, has not been fully examined and established in China. We conducted a systematic review of time-series studies to compile information on the associations between PM2.5 concentration and respiratory deaths and used metaregression to assess the concentration-response relationship. Out of 1,957 studies screened, eleven articles in English and two articles in Chinese met the eligibility criteria. For single-day lags, per 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with 0.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10, 0.50] percent increase in daily respiratory deaths; for multiday lags, the corresponding increase in respiratory deaths was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.83) percent. Difference in the effects was observed between the northern cities and the south cities in China. No statistically significant concentration-response relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and their effects was found. With increasingly wider location coverage for PM2.5 data, it is crucial to further investigate the concentration-response pattern of PM2.5 effects on respiratory and other cause-specific mortality for the refinement and adaptation of global and national air quality guidelines and targets.
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| 9. |
- Tabar, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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The incidence of fatal breast cancer measures the increased effectiveness of therapy in women participating in mammography screening
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 125:4, s. 515-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Women and their health care providers need a reliable answer to this important question: If a woman chooses to participate in regular mammography screening, then how much will this choice improve her chances of avoiding a death from breast cancer compared with women who choose not to participate? Methods: To answer this question, we used comprehensive registries for population, screening history, breast cancer incidence, and disease-specific death data in a defined population in Dalarna County, Sweden. The annual incidence of breast cancer was calculated along with the annual incidence of breast cancers that were fatal within 10 and within 11 to 20 years of diagnosis among women aged 40 to 69 years who either did or did not participate in mammography screening during a 39-year period (1977-2015). For an additional comparison, corresponding data are presented from 19 years of the prescreening period (1958-1976). All patients received stage-specific therapy according to the latest national guidelines, irrespective of the mode of detection. Results: The benefit for women who chose to participate in an organized breast cancer screening program was a 60% lower risk of dying from breast cancer within 10 years after diagnosis (relative risk, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.48) and a 47% lower risk of dying from breast cancer within 20 years after diagnosis (relative risk, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.63) compared with the corresponding risks for nonparticipants. Conclusions: Although all patients with breast cancer stand to benefit from advances in breast cancer therapy, the current results demonstrate that women who have participated in mammography screening obtain a significantly greater benefit from the therapy available at the time of diagnosis than do those who have not participated.
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| 10. |
- Wu, Wendy Yi-Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging Biomarkers as Predictors for Breast Cancer Death
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Oncology. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8450 .- 1687-8469.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. To differentiate the risk of breast cancer death in a longitudinal cohort using imaging biomarkers of tumor extent and biology, specifically, the mammographic appearance, basal phenotype, histologic tumor distribution, and conventional tumor attributes. Methods. Using a prospective cohort study design, 498 invasive breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1996 and 1998 were used as the test cohort to assess the independent effects of the imaging biomarkers and other predictors on the risk of breast cancer death. External validation was performed with a cohort of 848 patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2010. Results. Mammographic tumor appearance was an independent predictor of risk of breast cancer death (P=0.0003) when conventional tumor attributes and treatment modalities were controlled. The casting type calcifications and architectural distortion were associated with 3.13-fold and 3.19-fold risks of breast cancer death, respectively. The basal phenotype independently conferred a 2.68-fold risk compared with nonbasal phenotype. The observed deaths did not differ significantly from expected deaths in the validation cohort. The application of imaging biomarkers together with other predictors classified twelve categories of risk for breast cancer death. Conclusion. Combining imaging biomarkers such as the mammographic appearance of the tumor with the histopathologic distribution and basal phenotype, accurately predicted long-term risk of breast cancer death. The information may be relevant for determining the need for molecular testing, planning treatment, and determining the most appropriate clinical surveillance schedule for breast cancer patients.
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