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- Arne, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 27:3, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases interfere with the life situation of the affected person in different ways. The aim was to compare the burden of disease in three chronic diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM) - and in healthy subjects, with a particular interest in physical activity, quality of life, and psychological health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Postal survey questionnaire to a stratified, random population of 68 460 subjects aged 18-84 years in Sweden. The subjects included were 40-84 years old (n = 43 589) and data were analysed for COPD (n = 526), RA (n = 1120), DM (n = 2149) and healthy subjects (n = 6960). RESULT: Some 84% of subjects with COPD, 74% (RA), 72% (DM), and 60% in healthy subjects (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA, DM, and healthy subjects) had a physical activity level considered too low to maintain good health according to guidelines. Quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D) was lower in COPD and RA than in DM. Anxiety/depression was more common in subjects with COPD (53%) than in those with RA (48%) and DM (35%) (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA and DM), whereas mobility problems were more common in RA (55%) than COPD (48%) and DM (36%) (p < 0.001, RA versus COPD and DM). All differences between groups remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic background factors. CONCLUSION: Subjects with chronic diseases had a low level of physical activity, most evident in subjects with COPD. COPD and RA had a higher negative impact on quality of life than DM. Our results indicate that increased attention regarding physical inactivity in subjects with chronic diseases is needed to minimize the burden of disease.
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| 2. |
- Gerner, Ulla, 1944-
(författare)
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De sjukskrivna i rehabiliteringsprocessen : hinder och möjligheter
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The background to the thesis is the high rate for sickness absence in Sweden since the end of the 1990s. In an international perspective, the Swedish sickness absence appears exceptionally high. This can appear paradoxical bearing in mind the high standard of living and the high average length of life in Sweden, and there is much to indicate that complex causal correlations are involved.The overall aim of the thesis is to study and analyse the return to work or transition to disability pension, for persons on long-term sick leave from their own perspective. The focus of the thesis is the individual in a social context.The theoretical frame of reference is within medical sociology and is about sickness concepts and models and on medicalisation. The concept of work capacity is also taken up based on the concepts of disability and impairment.The empirical material consists of four studies. Two of these are qualitative interview studies with women. One of them (I) is about Greek women who have been granted Swedish disability pension. The aim of this study is to find explanations why such a large number of Greek women have become disability pensioners in Sweden. The analysis indicated some important factors: the doctors, the family and the social insurance system. The women had unclear psychosomatic complaints, which had been medicalised. The other qualitative study (IV) concerned women who after sick leave and rehabilitation succeeded in returning to work. It was seen to be strong and stubborn women who had to struggle to get back to working life. They had also been well taken care of in rehabilitation.The other two studies (II and III) are quantitative, prospective cohort studies with persons on sick leave with unspecified back and neck complaints. One main aim of one study (III) was to investigate the importance of motivation for rehabilitation and return to work. Two specially designed forms were used. It was seen, among other things that the forecasts of the person on sick leave on return to work coincided quite well with a follow-up two years later. One important result was that those who had undergone rehabilitation measures had returned to work to a much lesser extent than those who had not.Overall, the results showed the importance of listening to the individual and taking their own assessments of obstacles and possibilities in the rehabilitation process into consideration. The results in study III indicated that rehabilitation had not been sufficiently effective and in many cases did not lead to a return to work.
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| 3. |
- Gladman, Dafna D., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and genetic registries in psoriatic disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:7, s. 1458-1463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical and genetic registries are an important tool in studying psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). They assist in delineating disease features and are crucial in defining phenotype and identifying genetic and other markers of disease expression. At the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members of the clinical registries and genetics committees described several ongoing registries, including their construction, protocols, and some results from their analyses. In breakout groups, members discussed data issues, including identification of core datasets, ownership, and how to share data; and ethical issues and possible sources of funding for registries. Proceedings of these meetings are summarized.
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| 4. |
- Helliwell, Philip S., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with disease modifying drugs : comparison of drugs and adverse reactions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:3, s. 472-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Although it seems likely that these conditions have a different pathogenesis, the drugs used to treat them are the same. Our study used a cross-sectional clinical database to compare drug use and side-effect profile in these 2 diseases. METHODS: The CASPAR study collected data on 588 patients with PsA and 536 controls, 70% of whom had RA. Data on disease modifying drug treatments used over the whole illness were recorded, together with their outcomes, including adverse events, for RA and PsA. RESULTS: For both diseases methotrexate (MTX) was the most frequently used disease modifying drug (39% of patients with PsA, 30% with RA), with over 70% of patients in both diseases still taking the drug. Other drugs were used with the following frequencies in PsA and RA, respectively: sulfasalazine 22%/13%, gold salts 7%/11%, antimalarial drugs 5%/14%, corticosteroids 10%/17%, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs 6%/5%. Compared to RA, cyclosporine and anti-TNF agents were less likely to be ineffective in PsA. Compared to RA, subjects with PsA were less likely to be taking MTX and more likely to be taking anti-TNF agents. Hepatotoxicity with MTX was more common in PsA and pulmonary toxicity with MTX was found more often in RA. CONCLUSION: These data provide insight into prescribing patterns of disease modifying drugs in RA and PsA in a large international cohort, together with the differential adverse events of these drugs between these diseases.
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| 5. |
- Hultman, Glenn, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Vad händer om man tänker tvärtom? : Går det att byta praktikuppgifter mot teoriuppgifter i lärarutbildningen?
- 2009. - 2
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2009. - Stockholm : vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173071550 ; , s. 98-104
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utbildningsvetenskap är i dag ett mång- och tvärvetenskapligt forskningsområdesom innesluter alla fakultetsområden samt en rad olika discipliner. Den breddoch de olika perspektiv som finns och som växer fram inom området bidrar tillforskning om utbildningssystem, undervisning, lärandeprocesser och kunskapsbildning,vilket i sin tur ger nya intressanta forskningsresultat.Även i årets redovisning återfinns forskningsresultat från flertalet av de åttaområden som på ett sätt beskriver forskningens bredd:Utbildningshistoria(med inriktning på att beskriva och analysera t.ex. ämnesutvecklingeninom olika utbildningssystem),Utbildningssystem (forskning ombetygs- och urvalssystem, läroplansteori, styrning och ledning, utbildningsekonomi,utbildningspolitik/policy m.m.),Värdefrågor (t.ex. demokrati, etik- ochmoralfrågor, pedagogisk filosofi),Individens och Gruppens lärande (forskningom kunskapsutveckling, IKT, pedagogisk psykologi, utvecklingspsykologi, sociologiskastudier etc.),Didaktik (både allmänna och ämnesspecifika didaktiskafrågeställningar inkl. specialpedagogik),Professioner (lärares arbete och yrkesidentitet,lärarutbildning, skolledares arbete, karriärval och vägledning etc.) samtEffektstudier(forskning om reformers effekter, produktivitet och effektivitet).Varje år startar mellan 30 och 40 nya forskningsprojekt och lika många avslutas.Eftersom projekten är mellan tre och fyra år långa pågår det ca 100–140projekt samtidigt inklusive forskarskolor. För att ta del av vilka projekt som pågåroch som helt eller delvis finansieras av UVK hänvisas till www.vr.se. Underrubriken Nyhetsbrev Utbildningsvetenskap återfinns tematiska sammanställningarav pågående forskning.Varje projekt har en huvudansvarig, men i flertalet projekt finns en forskningsgruppeller ett forskningsnätverk med i genomsnitt ca 10 forskare ochdoktorander involverade. Detta framgår tydligt i flera av årets redovisningar.Denna rapport, som även utgör underlag för Resultatdialog 2009, med Umeåuniversitet som värd, innehåller korta presentationer av nyligen eller mycketsnart avslutade projekt samt hänvisning till forskarnas/forskningsgruppernashemsidor där möjlighet till fördjupad läsning finns.Utbildningsvetenskapliga kommittén vill med denna redovisning medverkatill att dels sprida kunskap om nya forskningsrön, dels öka möjligheten för densom är intresserad att via kontaktlänkar kunna nå olika forskare.
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