| 1. |
- Eklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Dermatan is a better substrate for 4-O-sulfation than chondroitin : implications in the generation of 4-O-sulfated, L-iduronate-rich galactosaminoglycans
- 2000
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Ingår i: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9861. ; 383:2, s. 171-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate is a complex process that involves, inter alia, formation of L-iduronic acid residues by C5-epimerization of D-glucuronic acid residues already incorporated into the growing polymer. It has been shown previously that this reaction is promoted by the presence of the sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. In the present investigation, the role of sulfation in the biosynthesis of L-iduronic acid-rich galactosaminoglycans was examined more closely by a study of the substrate specificities and kinetic properties of the sulfotransferases involved in dermatan sulfate biosynthesis. Comparison of the acceptor reactivities of oligosaccharides from chondroitin and dermatan, in an in vitro system containing microsomes from cultured human skin fibroblasts and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, showed that Km values for the dermatan fragments were substantially lower than those for their chondroitin counterparts. Calculation of Vmax values likewise showed that dermatan was the better substrate. Whereas dermatan incorporated [35S]sulfate exclusively at the C4 position of N-acetylgalactosamine residues, approximately equal amounts of radioactivity were found at the C4 and C6 positions in the labelled chondroitin. Under standard assay conditions, the 4-O-sulfation of dermatan proceeded about six times faster than the 4-O-sulfation of chondroitin. On the basis of these results, we propose that L-iduronic acids, formed in the course of the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfates, enhance sulfation of their adjacent N-acetylgalactosamine residues, and will thereby be locked in the L-ido configuration.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Banwart, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochemical modelling for preliminary assessment of minewater pollution
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Geochemical Exploration. - 0375-6742 .- 1879-1689. ; 74:03-jan, s. 73-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conceptual model for preliminary assessment of minewater pollution within the risk-based corrective action (RBCA) framework for environmental management is developed. The model aims to assist classification of a site regarding the potential threat to the environment and help assess whether the assumptions used in this classification are appropriate. The model estimates contamination source strength, longevity and possible future changes in discharge quality and can be applied with sparse data sets. The model relates solute export in the discharge to source minerals which includes sulphide phases that produce acidity and metals contamination and carbonate and aluminosilicate phases which provide natural attenuation to neutralise acidity and immobilise metals. We present and apply limited data from three sites representing a mine rock waste deposit located above the water table, a flooded abandoned coal mine with deep workings and a mine tailings deposit. Results from the rock waste deposit indicate that calcite no longer provides significant attenuation of the present acidity load and that acid generation and associated loads of Cu2+ may persist for a period of up to two centuries. The abandoned coal mine has a discharge that is presently alkaline, with calcite depletion expected to occur before pyrite is consumed, possibly yielding a future drop in pH. The lifetime for these minerals is similar at this site, and on the order of several centuries, thus rendering the estimate of future water quality evolution very uncertain. The mill tailings deposit is expected to produce acidic discharge on a time scale of one century. However, conclusive quantification of calcite weathering was not possible, leaving open the possibility that the weathering of Mg-silicate minerals provides important attenuation of the present acidity load.
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| 4. |
- Claesson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Rheological behaviour during UV-curing of a star-branched polyester
- 2002
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Ingår i: Progress in organic coatings. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 44:1, s. 63-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a rheometer coupled with an UV-light generator, the viscoelastic behaviour during the fast cure of star-branched polyester is investigated. The 32 arm star polymers consist of a hyperbranched polyester core, Boltorn(TM) and linear grafts of poly(E-caprolactone) (degree of polymerisation: 20-52) with methacrylate end groups. The resins are crystalline and the melting points range from 34 to 50degreesC; films can be formed and cured below 80degreesC. The crossover of G' and G was used as the gel point. The time to reach the gel point, a few seconds, increases linearly with molecular weight.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Mats K. G., et al.
(författare)
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Novel concept for low temperature curing powder coatings based on hyperbranched polyesters
- 2000
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Ingår i: JCT. - 0361-8773. ; 72:906, s. 49-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of using hyperbranched polymers as scaffolds for solid thermoset resin applications is described. A series of semi-crystalline methyacrylate-functional aliphatic polyesters has been synthesized and characterized for applications as solid thermoset resins, e.g., powder coating resins. The polyester resins have been crosslinked by UV irradiation producing either amorphous or semi-crystalline crosslinked films depending on the initial structure. The resins are based on hyperbranched aliphatic polyester chains have been grafted and end-capped with methacrylate moieties. The resins exhibit a rheological behavior suitable for low temperature curing powder coatings, i.e., films that can be readily formed and UV cured at temperatures below 80 degrees C.
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| 7. |
- Liedberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bladder cancer and the sentinel node concept
- 2003
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Ingår i: Aktuelle Urologie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0001-7868 .- 1438-8820. ; 34, s. 115-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic factors in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The extent of lymphadenectomy performed in conjunction with cystectomy and the question as to whether this is a staging or therapeutic intervention are matters of discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sentinel node (SN) concept and to correlate findings with tumour status in excised regional lymph nodes. Material and method: 26 patients scheduled for cystectomy were investigated with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, peroperative dye detection (Patent Blue) and dynamic lymphoscintigraphy (Nanocoll or Albures 50 MBq/ml). The substances were injected adjacent to the tumour in the detrusor muscle. Results: Sentinel nodes were detected in 21 of the 26 of the investigated patients. 7/21 SN were located outside the obturator fossa. Of the eight patients with lymph node metastasis, five displayed metastasis in lymph nodes outside the obturator fossa. There was one false negative SN in a patient with multifocal tumour, while in the other seven patients with lymph node metastasis, these were detected in the SN. Conclusion: Sentinel node detection is possible in most cases of bladder cancer scheduled for cystectomy. The significance of utilizing this method to detect lymph node metastasis outside the obturator fossa warrants further investigation.
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| 8. |
- Luoma, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Physical performance, toxicity, and quality of life as assessed by the physician and the patient
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Oncol. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 41:1, s. 44-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to study the relationship between physician-assessed quality of life parameters, i.e., toxicity and physical performance, and patients' self-reports of their quality of life (QoL). QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment, using the EORTC QLQ-C30. The WHO performance score (PS) and toxicity were assessed in physician interviews. The correlations between the WHO PS and the QLQ-C30 functioning scale scores varied from weak to moderate, depending on the scale. Strongest associations were found in physical-, social-, and role functioning, and in the global QoL. The QLQ-C30 nausea/vomiting and diarrhea scales correlated moderately to corresponding WHO scores. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the contribution of WHO PS and toxicity variables to the global QoL. The best model explained only 16% of the variance of the global QoL score. The present findings highlight the importance of independent QoL assessments focused on those aspects of QoL not captured in clinical interviews with the physician.
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| 9. |
- Luoma, ML, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of quality of life scores for time to progression (TTP) and overall survival time (OS) in advanced breast cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 39:10, s. 1370-1376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate whether baseline quality of life (QoL) and changes in QoL scores from baseline are prognostic for time to progression (TTP) and/or overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving docetaxel (T) or sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF). QoL was assessed at baseline and before each treatment using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Survival curves and probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier technique. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for both the univariate and multivariate analyses to explore relationships between baseline QoL variables and TTP, as well as OS. In the univariate analysis, more severe pain and fatigue at baseline were predictive for a shorter OS; global QoL, physical functioning and appetite loss had a borderline significance (P=0.0130 for global QoL; P=0.0256 for physical functioning: P=0.0149 for appetite loss). World Health Organization (WHO) performance status was significantly predictive for OS. In the multivariate analysis, more severe pain at baseline was predictive for a shorter OS. In contrast, baseline QoL had no prognostic value for the duration of TTP. QoL change scores from baseline QoL predicted neither OS nor TTP. Our findings suggest that while QoL measurements are important in evaluating patients' QoL, they have no great importance in predicting primary clinical endpoints such as TTP or OS in advanced breast cancer patients. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Malkoch, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Dendronized aliphatic polymers by a combination of ATRP and divergent growth
- 2004
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 37:2, s. 322-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendronized, hybrid dendritic-linear polymers were synthesized by either the "graft-onto" route or by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of macromonomers. In both ways, the main chain was composed of acrylate repeating units and the dendrons were based on the aliphatic ester skeleton obtained from 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA). ATRP of macromonomers was not a viable route for monomers with side chains larger than second-generation dendrons, which is why a combination of the two approaches was required to obtain polymers with larger side chains. The "graft-onto" route was conducted by reacting hydroxyl groups on the main chain with the acetonide-protected 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic anhydride. The acetonide protecting group was easily removed by treating a solution of the polymer with an acidic ion-exchange resin. Dendronized polymers with 1-3 generation dendron side groups were synthesized with a maximum molecular weight of ca. 86 kDa. The products were analyzed by H-1 and C-13 NMR, SEC, and MALDI-TOF.
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