| 1. |
- Mattsson, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Normalization of Wastewater Quality to Estimate Infiltration/Inflow and Mass Flows of Metals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental engineering. - 0733-9372 .- 1943-7870. ; 142:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of wastewater varies between catchments due to variation in urbanisation, sewer system properties, and pollution levels. This study was conducted to identify wastewater quality parameters that could be normalized to estimate levels of infiltration/inflow (I/I) in selected catchments and to investigate the geographic origins of metals entering sewer systems. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in the five catchments of the Gothenburg area focusing on 14 water quality parameters. Data from a reference study on domestic wastewater quality to normalize the mass flows associated with pure domestic wastewater was applied. The level of dilution due to I/I in wastewater entering Rya Wastewater Treatment Plant, estimated using Tot-N and Tot-P as indicators, provided the closest fit among the water quality parameters with results obtained by established methods for the two campaigns. The results from the study also indicated which catchments generated nondomestic wastewater with higher mass flows of specified metals.
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Baliakas, Panagiotis, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Tailored approaches grounded on immunogenetic features for refined prognostication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 104:2, s. 360-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with differential somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable genes, namely mutated or unmutated, display fundamental clinico-biological differences. Considering this, we assessed prognosis separately within mutated (M-CLL) and unmutated (U-CLL) CLL in 3015 patients, hypothesizing that the relative significance of relevant indicators may differ between these two categories. Within Binet A M-CLL patients, besides TP53 abnormalities, trisomy 12 and stereotyped subset #2 membership were equivalently associated with the shortest time-to-first-treatment and a treatment probability at five and ten years after diagnosis of 40% and 55%, respectively; the remaining cases exhibited 5-year and 10-year treatment probability of 12% and 25%, respectively. Within Binet A U-CLL patients, besides TP53 abnormalities, del(11q) and/or SF3B1 mutations were associated with the shortest time-to-first-treatment (5- and 10-year treatment probability: 78% and 98%, respectively); in the remaining cases, males had a significantly worse prognosis than females. In conclusion, the relative weight of indicators that can accurately risk stratify early-stage CLL patients differs depending on the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable genes of each patient. This finding highlights the fact that compartmentalized approaches based on immunogenetic features are necessary to refine and tailor prognostication in CLL.
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| 5. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 6. |
- Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Digital game based learning and serious game for higher education
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Game based learning has proved to increase the motivation of learning among students. A first development of this regarding automation strategies was presented last year in terms of analog games. During the year, development towards Digital Game Based Learning (DGBL) and the use of Serious Games (SG) have been our focus. A mobile game was developed and validated in two rounds during the year and approximately 200 students in total have played and evaluated the game. The aim of this paper is to show how DGBL and SG can be used in higher education in order to explain a complex context and what can be gained regarding using the evaluation form.
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| 7. |
- Joshi, Peter K, et al.
(författare)
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Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7561, s. 459-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
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| 8. |
- Mattsson, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts and managerial implications for sewer systems due to recent changes to inputs in domestic wastewater : a review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 161, s. 188-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ever since the advent of major sewer construction in the 1850s, the issue of increased solids deposition in sewers due to changes in domestic wastewater inputs has been frequently debated. Three recent changes considered here are the introduction of kitchen sink food waste disposers (FWDs); rising levels of inputs of fat, oil and grease (FOG); and the installation of low-flush toilets (LFTs). In this review these changes have been examined with regard to potential solids depositional impacts on sewer systems and the managerial implications. The review indicates that each of the changes has the potential to cause an increase in solids deposition in sewers and this is likely to be more pronounced for the upstream reaches of networks that serve fewer households than the downstream parts and for specific sewer features such as sags. The review has highlighted the importance of educational campaigns directed to the public to mitigate deposition as many of the observed problems have been linked to domestic behaviour in regard to FOGs, FWDs and toilet flushing. A standardized monitoring procedure of repeat sewer blockage locations can also be a means to identify depositional hot-spots. Interactions between the various changes in inputs in the studies reviewed here indicated an increased potential for blockage formation, but this would need to be further substantiated. As the precise nature of these changes in inputs have been found to be variable, depending on lifestyles and type of installation, the additional problems that may arise pose particular challenges to sewer operators and managers because of the difficulty in generalizing the nature of the changes, particularly where retrofitting projects in households are being considered. The three types of changes to inputs reviewed here highlight the need to consider whether or not more or less solid waste from households should be diverted into sewers.
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| 9. |
- Mattsson, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts on rural wastewater systems in subarctic regions due to changes in inputs from households
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of cold regions engineering. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0887-381X .- 1943-5495. ; 32:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of water-saving appliances and heat exchangers is becoming increasingly popular to decrease water consumption and recover energy from preheated water. However, such in-household changes can bring particular implications for subarctic rural areas, in terms of solids deposition in sewers and drops in performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), because these are already experiencing diminishing wastewater flows due to depopulation and seasonal dips in wastewater temperature resulting from infiltration into sewers. Hence, this study has considered two communities in Sweden, postulating three different cases with various scales of retrofitting and usage. The results indicate that the decrease in in-pipe velocities when all households are retrofitted with water-saving appliances could be counteracted by sewer relining, but not by the inclusion of a conventional estimate of infiltration. However, for the case in which retrofitting was combined with decreased usage of the appliances, the decrease in self-cleansing capacity could not be counteracted. The retrofitting of heat exchangers under shower trays in all households did not have a significant effect on treatment processes at the WWTP.
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| 10. |
- Mattsson, Jonathan
(författare)
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Impacts on sewer performance due to changes to inputs in domestic wastewater
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The impacts of changes in domestic wastewater inputs on sewer performance have been debated since the dawn of the great sewer construction movement in the 1850s. Nowadays, typical household wastewater that enters sewers can generally be divided into streams from the WC, shower and/or bathtub, kitchen sink, washing machine and dishwasher. Changes in thecomposition of domestic wastewater entering a sewer will depend on inter alia the properties of the appliances used in the households and householders’ residential habits. Recent such changes with a potentially detrimental impact on sewer performance are increased levels of fat, oil and grease used in kitchen practices; the introduction of kitchen sink food waste disposers;and the installation of domestic water efficient appliances. The overall aim of this thesis was, from an historical perspective, to explore how recent changes to inputs in domestic wastewater can impact performance of sewer systems and how this relates to sewers as future carriers of domestic wastewater.Various methods to examine the aim have been employed. Two questionnaire surveys were distributed. The first was sent out to sewer operators/managers employed at Scandinavian public water utilities to explore their views on the extent of fat, oil and grease in sewer systems.The second was sent to sewer/operators managers employed at public water utilities in Northern Sweden to explore the extent of monitoring of incidents of blockages. Two field studies have also been undertaken. One entailed the investigation of long term impacts on sewer performance from the introduction of food waste disposers in housing areas. The other evaluated which parameters of domestic wastewater could be used to estimate levels of infiltration/ inflow into sewers. In addition, a case analysis was undertaken to assess future impacts on self-cleansing regimes in sewer networks when rural subarctic villages are retrofitted with water efficient appliances. A literature review was performed to identify and analyse studies examining changes to domestic wastewater the impact these changes may have on sewer systems,and their implications for sewer management. Responses from the first questionnaire survey suggested that an increase in blockages due tofat, oil and grease, in particular at pumping stations, was the most reported problem. Responses from the second questionnaire survey indicated that the extent of monitoring reoccurring blockage locations was found to be low, although two water utilities possessed GIS-systems which supported such endeavours. The first field study indicated that the level of in-sewerdeposition was observed to be increased when a pipe received high input of effluents from the kitchen sink disposers. This was observed to a further degree when a pipe had a gentle inclination combined with significant sagging along its length. From the second field study it was found that among compounds normally sampled to determine wastewater characteristic, the parameters Tot-N and Tot-P provided the closest fit to estimated levels of infiltration/inflowbased on water consumption rates. The case analysis indicated that the decrease in in-pipe velocities when all households are retrofitted with water saving appliances could be counteracted by sewer relining when water consumption rates did not drop below 130 l/hd.d. The impacts on sewer performance from these changes seemed to be dictated by many factors,e.g. household practices and the status of separate pipes. Therefore there is a need to put the changes to inputs in the context of larger societal trends to properly understand their full implications regarding future objectives when relying on the sewer as a carrier of domestic wastewater.
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