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- Moro, Fabio, et al.
(author)
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Nuclear analysis of the ITER radial neutron camera architectural options
- 2017
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In: Fusion engineering and design. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 123, s. 1033-1038
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ITER Radial Neutron Camera (RNC) is a multichannel detection system hosted in the Equatorial Port Plug 1 (EPP 1) designed to provide information on the neutron source total strength arid emissivity profiles. It consists of two sub-systems: the ex-port line-of-sights (LOSs), covering the plasma core, embedded in a massive shielding block located in the Port Interspace, and the in-port LOSs distributed in two removable cassettes integrated inside the Port Plug. Presently, the RNC layout development process is undergoing a System Level Design phase: several preliminary architectural options based on a System Engineering work have been defined: a detailed nuclear analysis of these options has been performed through radiation transport calculations with the MCNP Monte Carlo code. The radiation environment at the detectors positions has been fully characterized through the evaluation of the expected neutron spectra and the secondary gamma background and the analysis of the 3D radiation maps. MoreOver, the impact of a reduced ex-port shielding block on the neutron and gamma spectra has been investigated. The results of the present study provide guidelines for the development of the RNC final design and the necessary data for the measurement performance analysis.
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2. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(author)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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In: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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