| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based self-help with therapist feedback and in vivo group exposure for social phobia : A randomized controlled trial
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 74:4, s. 677-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-four individuals with social phobia (social anxiety disorder) were assigned to a multimodal cognitive-behavioral treatment package or to a waiting list control group. Treatment consisted of a 9-week, Internet-delivered, self-help program that was combined with 2 group exposure sessions in real life and minimal therapist contact via e-mail. Results were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis, including all randomized participants. From pre- to posttest, treated participants in contrast to controls showed significant improvement on most measured dimensions (social anxiety scales, general anxiety and depression levels, quality of life). The overall within- and between-groups effect sizes were Cohen's d = 0.87 and 0.70, respectively. Treatment gains were maintained at 1-year follow-up. The results from this study support the continued use and development of Internet-distributed, self-help programs for people diagnosed with social phobia.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ansar, Saema, et al.
(författare)
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MAPK signaling pathway regulates cerebrovascular receptor expression in human cerebral arteries
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2202. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cerebral ischemia results in enhanced expression of contractile cerebrovascular receptors, such as endothelin type B (ETB), 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1B (5-HT1B), angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) and thromboxane (TP) receptors in the cerebral arteries within the ischemic area. The receptor upregulation occurs via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Previous studies have shown that inhibitors of the MAPK pathway diminished the ischemic area and contractile cerebrovascular receptors after experimental cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to examine if the upregulation of contractile cerebrovascular receptors after 48 h of organ culture of human cerebral arteries involves MAPK pathways and if it can be prevented by a MEK1/2 inhibitor. Human cerebral arteries were obtained from patients undergoing intracranial tumor surgery. The vessels were divided into ring segments and incubated for 48 h in the presence or absence of the specific MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. The vessels were then examined by using in vitro pharmacological methods and protein immunohistochemistry. Results: After organ culture of the cerebral arteries the contractile responses to endothelin (ET)-1, angiotensin (Ang) II and thromboxane (TP) were enhanced in comparison with fresh human arteries. However, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) induced decreased contractile responses after organ culture as compared to fresh arteries. Incubation with U0126 diminished the maximum contraction elicited by application of ET-1, Ang II and U46619 in human cerebral arteries. In addition, the MEK1/2 inhibitor decreased the contractile response to 5-CT. Immunohistochemistry revealed that organ culture resulted in increased expression of endothelin ETA, endothelin ETB angiotensin AT(2), 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT1B and thromboxane A2 receptors, and elevated levels of activated pERK1/2, all localized to the smooth muscle cells of the cerebral arteries. Co-incubation with U0126 normalized these proteins. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that there is a clear association between human cerebrovascular receptor upregulation via transcription involving activation of the MAPK pathway after organ culture. Inhibition of the MAPK pathways attenuated the vasoconstriction mediated by ET, AT and TP receptors in human cerebral arteries and the enhanced expression of their receptors. The results indicate that MAPK inhibition might be a novel target for treatment of cerebrovascular disorders.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Carlbring, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Internet treatment for social phobia
- 2005
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Ingår i: 5th international congress of cognitive psychotherapy,2005. ; , s. 56-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Darj, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Ki-67 Immunostaining of endometrial biopsies with special reference to hormone replacement therapy
- 1995
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 39:2, s. 120-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the Ki-67 immunostaining method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrium and to use the method on endometrial biopsies from 30 postmenopausal women treated with 2 mg estradiol and different doses of natural micronized progesterone (50, 100 or 200 mg). METHODS: Two technicians prepared the immunostaining of slides from each of 12 endometrial specimens and 3 different observers estimated the Ki-67 immunostaining. One observer estimated all the slides 3 times on different occasions. The percentage of immunopositive nuclei in glandular epithelium was evaluated. RESULTS: The dominating component of variation for this method was between observers, with a median standard deviation of 20%. A total median variation including all components rendered a standard deviation of 23%. No significant effects of different technicians, preparations, or from the same observer on different occasions were found. In the major part of the biopsies from women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT), only 0-10% of the glandular epithelium was Ki-67 stained. CONCLUSION: Ki-67 immunostaining is an adequate technique to use when evaluating the effects of HRT on the endometrium. The main source of variation is between observers and not the technique of preparing the slides.
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| 8. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder : randomised controlled trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 195:5, s. 440-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Internet-delivered self-help programmes with added guidance have shown efficacy in social anxiety disorder, unguided self-help has been insufficiently studied. Aims To evaluate the efficacy of guided and unguided self-help social anxiety disorder. Method Participants followed a cognitive-behavioural self-help programme in the form of either pure bibliotherapy or an internet-based treatment with therapist guidance and online group discussions. A subsequent trial was conducted to evaluate treatment specificity. Participants (n=235) were randomised to one of three conditions in the first trial, or one of four conditions in the second. Results Pure bibliotherapy and the internet-based treatment were better than waiting list on measures of social anxiety, general anxiety, depression and quality of life. The internet-based therapy had the highest effect sizes, but directly comparable effects were noted for bibliotherapy augmented with online group discussions. Gains were well maintained a year later. Conclusions Unguided self-help through bibliotherapy can produce enduring improvement for individuals with social anxiety disorder.
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| 9. |
- Grossmann, Benjamin
(författare)
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Procedural sedation : Aspects on methods, safety and effectiveness
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Safety and effectiveness are fundamental principles within the healthcare sector to provide quality of care and health improvement for patients. By ensuring that care is provided based on evidence-based knowledge, risks and complications can be minimised and the use of scarce resources optimised. An increasing demand for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures challenges the traditional methods for sedation regarding safety and effectiveness. It is desirable that the fundamental principles are improved when refining existing or developing new sedation methods. In this doctoral thesis, safety and effectiveness were evaluated for adult patient-controlled sedation (PCS) using propofol during two endoscopic procedures: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and flexible bronchoscopy (FB); and different doses of rectal racemic ketamine for paediatric (< 4 years) burn wound care.Methods: Data on vital functions, sedation level, safety interventions, procedure feasibility, patient-reported outcome and experience measures, and recovery, from three clinical randomised controlled trials were collected. Costs of sedation for the endoscopic procedures were compiled in a cost-analysis study.Results: PCS with propofol and bedside anaesthetic personnel was shown to be a safe and effective alternative method of sedation during ERCP and FB compared with intravenous sedation with midazolam. The PCS method gives stable cardiorespiratory conditions with few adverse events and interventions, with a low risk of oversedation. PCS offers similar (FB) or better (ERCP) procedure feasibility and patient satisfaction during the procedures than midazolam. Recovery after PCS is quick, minimises the risk for prolonged hospitalisation and is thereby a potential cost-saving sedation method. The optimal dose of rectal racemic ketamine, 6 mg/kg with the addition of 0.5 mg/kg midazolam during severely painful procedures, gives minimal risk for outbreaks of pain, offers stable vital signs conditions and allows rapid recovery without affecting procedure feasibility.Conclusions: The sedation method can be adjusted to type of procedure and patient population. PCS with propofol offers an alternative and reliable method for adult sedation during endoscopic procedures, whereas rectal racemic ketamine combined with midazolam provides good conditions for burn care dressing procedures in young children.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Karl-Axel, et al.
(författare)
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The quality assurance process for the ARTSCAN head and neck study - a practical interactive approach for QA in 3DCRT and IMRT.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 87:2, s. 290-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This paper describes the quality assurance (QA) work performed in the Swedish multicenter ARTSCAN (Accelerated RadioTherapy of Squamous cell CArcinomas in the head and Neck) trial to guarantee high quality in a multicenter study which involved modern radiotherapy such as 3DCRT or IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was closed in June 2006 with 750 randomised patients. Radiation therapy-related data for every patient were sent by each participating centre to the QA office where all trial data were reviewed, analysed and stored. In case of any deviation from the protocol, an interactive process was started between the QA office and the local responsible clinician and/or physicist to increase the compliance to the protocol for future randomised patients. Meetings and workshops were held on a regular basis for discussions on various trial-related issues and for the QA office to report on updated results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review covers the 734 patients out of a total of 750 who had entered the study. Deviations early in the study were corrected so that the overall compliance to the protocol was very high. There were only negligible variations in doses and dose distributions to target volumes for each specific site and stage. The quality of the treatments was high. Furthermore, an extensive database of treatment parameters was accumulated for future dose-volume vs. endpoint evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive QA programme increased the probability to draw firm conclusions from our study and may serve as a concept for QA work in future radiotherapy trials where comparatively small effects are searched for in a heterogeneous tumour population.
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