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- Nilsson, Abraham, et al.
(författare)
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Improved and sustained triage skills in firemen after a short training intervention
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1757-7241. ; 23:81, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A previous study has shown no measurable improvement in triage accuracy among physicians attending the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course and suggests a curriculum revision regarding triage. Other studies have indicated that cooperative learning helps students acquire knowledge. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma cards in triage training for firemen. Methods: Eighty-six firemen were randomly assigned into two groups: the trauma card group and the direct instruction group. Both groups received the same 30-min PowerPoint lecture on how to perform triage according to the Sort Assess Lifesaving interventions Treatment and transport (SALT) Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm. In the trauma card group, the participants were divided into groups of 3-5 and instructed to triage 10 trauma victims according to the descriptions on the trauma cards. In the direct instruction group, written forms about the same 10 victims were used and discussed as a continuation of the PowerPoint lecture. Total training time was 60 min for both groups. A test was distributed before and after the educational intervention to measure the individual triage skills. The same test was applied again 6 months later. Results: There was a significant improvement in triage skills directly after the intervention and this was sustained 6 months later. No significant difference in triage skills was seen between the trauma card group and the direct instruction group. Previous experience of multi-casualty incidents, years in service, level of education or age did not have any measurable effects on triage accuracy. Conclusions: One hour of triage training with the SALT Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm was enough to significantly improve triage accuracy in both groups of firemen with sustained skills 6 months later. Further studies on the first assessment on scene versus patient outcome are necessary to provide evidence that this training can improve casualty outcome. The efficacy and validity of trauma cards for disaster management training need to be tested in future studies.
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- Schultze, Felix, 1958-
(författare)
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Coteaching chemical bonding with Upper secondary senior students : A way to refine teachers PCK
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate how an experienced chemistry teacher gains and refines her pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) by cooperating with two grade 12 students (age 18) as coteachers while teaching chemical bonding in a grade 10 Upper secondary class. The study has been conducted from a sociocultural perspective, especially Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) (Vygotsky, 1978). Other theoretical concepts and models that has framed this study are Shulman´s Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and Pedagogical reasoning and action model (Shulman, 1986, 1987). When analysing the data, Magnusson, Krajcik, and Borko´s (1999) model of PCK and the 2017 Refined consensus model of PCK (Carlson, Daehler, et al., in press) was used. Empirical data was collected by video- and audio recorded lessons, coreflection sessions, coplanning sessions and interviews. During 10 weeks, about 28 hours of video and audio recordings was collected. Selected parts of the material were transcribed and analysed in order to answer two questions: (1) How can chemistry teachers refine their PCK when coteaching together with senior students in an Upper secondary science class? (2) How do Upper secondary senior student coteachers´ conceptual knowledge of representations and chemical bonding shape a teacher’s foundation of personal PCK (pPCK) when teaching chemical bonding in an Upper secondary science class?The results relating to research question one indicates that the coteachers contributed with their own learning experiences to help the teacher understand how students perceive difficult concepts. The coteachers were mediating between the teacher and the students, thus bridging the gap between the teacher and the students’ frames of references. The experienced chemistry teacher improved her understanding of students´ thinking about themselves as learners of chemical bonding. Regarding the second research question, the findings showed that the creative process of reconstructing concepts of chemical bonding in the coplanning sessions meant that these were a useful tool for developing new teaching strategies and to further develop representations such as drama to illustrate chemical bonding. Together, the teacher and student coteachers, constructed a new representation that better illustrated polar covalent bonding.Taken together, these results provide important insights into how the chemistry teacher´s pPCK was refined and how the coteachers contributed to improve instructional strategies.
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- Zimmerman Nilsson, Marie-Helene, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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From Pedagogical Knowledge to Pedagogical Content Knowledge : Development in Mentor and Student-Teacher Group Conversations
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. - Port Louis : Tresorix Ltd. - 1694-2493 .- 1694-2116. ; 18:10, s. 233-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study focuses on mentor group conversation meetings with primary student-teachers, demonstrating how student-teachers ́ reflections on classroom experiences might influence their understanding of the complicated relationship between teaching, subject matter content and the context. The aim is to study how mentors ́ and student-teachers ́ reflections affect (or not) the student-teachers ́ development of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The theoretical framework derives from a sociocultural perspective, emphasising the collective character of teaching and learning. The empirical material consists of video documented mentor group conversations during one semester within an academic school context. Findings show development of PCK, highlighting a transition from pedagogical knowledge and contextual knowledge, to a blending of subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and contextual knowledge. This blending only occurred when the student teachers reflected on their teaching. Findings demonstrate the need to systematically explore student-teacher reflections of their teaching in practice to discern how different knowledge bases integrate into PCK. ©2019 The authors and IJLTER.ORG. All rights reserved.
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- Zimmerman Nilsson, Marie-Helene, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in a digital learning platform : A case study of how second language English teachers express their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) during collegial reflections
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICERI2018 Proceedings. - : The International Academy of Technology, Education and Development. - 9788409059485 ; , s. 9366-9371
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, digital technologies have been more and more integrated into teachers´ classroom practice. Perceptions of knowledge and the teacher´s role might change when digital resources are introduced in the classroom - regardless of the subject. As a consequence, teachers might reconsider the concept of learning in educational contexts. Despite a vast number of studies from a Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) perspective, there is still a need for studies that focus on how TPACK develops among teachers. Thus, the aim of this case study is to explore how three teachers´ Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is expressed during a second language English project in secondary school. The research question is: How are teachers´ components of TPACK expressed and integrated within their reflections on their teaching in a second language English project with a digital learning platform? The theoretical framework is based on Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and more specifically on technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), which is essential to this study. The empirical data consists of video recorded stimulated recall group interviews and the analysis is inspired by the structures of content analysis. The research context was a compulsory school situated near a larger town. The school had a special license with a digital learning company that provided a digital learning management system called Digital learning platform (DLP), that offered opportunities to arrange teaching projects digitally. The results show that several combined components of TPACK are present in teachers´ reflections on their teaching; Technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), Technological content knowledge (TCK), and Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The way in which these components appear seems to depend on the phase in the project. Thus, when planning the project, expressions of TPACK are characterised by suggestions of how to use the Digital Learning Platform (DPL), whereas reflections after teaching were characterised by analysing the use of the DPL related to advantages or disadvantages for students´ learning processes. Overall, the teachers´ reflections on their teaching developed, where components of TPACK related to functions in the DPL after the project were referred to in a more deepened and differentiated way. In summary, discussions and reflections with regard to the possibilities and limitations for learning with the use of DPL in school and important questions concerning teachers´ digital competence were elucidated. As such, the result of this study might create a discussion of and recommendations for how teachers choose, combine, implement, and evaluate digital technologies for different teaching and learning situations.
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- Zimmerman Nilsson, Marie-Helene, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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When Content Matters - Capturing and Developing Preschool Student Teachers´ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Music
- 2017
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Ingår i: ABSTRACTS. ; , s. 37-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on a group of preschool student teachers´ reflections of their Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) during a 10-week music methods course. The student teachers created Content Representations (CoRe) when planning before and reflecting after their music lessons in a preschool context. The analysis of written reflections in CoRe protocols about the teaching of “Dynamics” indicates changes in focus between CoRe 1 and CoRe 2, suggesting a development of PCK. More specifically it was a progress from children gaining experience to children´s understanding, from teaching strategies to children´s learning, and from the teacher governing the activity to involve children collaboration. In conclusion, this approach to enhancing preschool teachers´ professional development in music adapting a CoRe based methodology has a promising potential to make their PCK more explicit and elaborate.
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- Adini, B., et al.
(författare)
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Policies for managing emergency medical services in mass casualty incidents
- 2017
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Ingår i: Injury. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 48:9, s. 1878-1883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Diverse decision-making is needed in managing mass casualty incidents (MCIs), by emergency medical services (EMS). The aim of the study was to review consensus among international experts concerning policies of EMS management during MCIs. Methods: Applicability of 21 EMS policies was tested through a 2-cycle modified e-Delphi process, in which 38 multi-disciplinary experts from 10 countries participated. Threshold for approving proposed solutions was defined as consensus of amp;gt;80%. Policies that did not achieve the targeted consensus were reviewed to detect variability according to respondents origin country. Results: 16 policies were endorsed in the first cycle including collaboration between ambulance service providers; implementing a unified mode of operation; preparing criteria for ground versus aerial evacuation; and, developing support systems for caregivers exposed to violence. An additional policy which proposed that senior EMS officers should not necessarily act as on-site MCI commanders was endorsed in the second cycle. Demographic breakdown of views concerning non-consensual policies revealed differences according to countries of origin. Assigning ambulances to off-duty team members was highly endorsed by experts from Israel and South Africa and strongly rejected by European respondents. Avoiding entry to risk areas until declared safe was endorsed by European, Asian and Oceanic experts, but rejected by Israeli, South African and North American experts. Conclusions: Despite uniqueness of countries and EMS agencies, solutions to most dilemmas were applicable to all organizations, regardless of location or affiliation. Cultural diversity was found concerning readiness to implement military-civilian collaboration in MCIs and a rigid separation between work-leisure responsibilities. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of using the designated duty officers when assessing the medical response organization
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundAn important aspect of disaster medicine is to be proactive and respond quickly when disaster strikes. In Sweden, the role responsible for swift medical response on the regional level is the designated duty officer.MethodsA large exercise to assess national medical response ability was conducted. Seven medical regional staffs (a total of 93 individuals participated as tested participants) were involved in handling a large train accident scenario. The exercise was run for 5 hours, where the different regional staffs were located at their regular command posts. The exercise was organized using Emergo Train Systems.ResultsSeveral capabilities were identified during the exercise as important for the organization to maintain the ability to handle a similar event: documentation and operational picture, communication and terminology, command of resources, strategy for distribution of resources, national co-ordination, and exercise development.The designated duty officers were central to the exercise in several aspects: 1) in developing and verifying a realistic scenario and preparing background information, 2) as participants in the exercise, 3) assessors of the staffs’ behaviors, and 4) as domain experts when interpreting the exercise outcome.ConclusionsUsing subject matter experts is central to many research domains. However, the more complex a situation is the larger the demand of expertise is. The technical platform allows for coordinating complex exercises, whereas the subject matter expert in terms of the designated duty officer is required to guarantee validity and reliability in these large-scale exercises.Key messages:Running complex scenarios to train and test abilities requires subject matter experts in both planning, preparation, implementation, and assessment.Sophisticated simulator and training platforms, such as Emergo Train Systems, facilitates while the designated duty officers are necessary to guarantee validity and reliability in the exercise.
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