| 1. |
- Aunesluoma, Juhana, et al.
(författare)
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Deterrence or reassurance? : Nordic responses to the First Detente, 1953-1956
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 32:2, s. 183-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historians remember 1953 for the death of Stalin and the ensuing relaxation of East-West tensions, now known as the First Detente. Based on recent Cold War scholarship supplemented by primary documentation, this comparative study looks at the Nordic reaction to the First Wtente 1953-1956 in terms of deterrence and reassurance. The results suggest that, while the Nordic governments uniformly welcomed a more relaxed international atmosphere and entertained hopes of genuine dialogue between East and West, they Often differed in their interpretations of Soviet motives and the genuineness of the post- Stalin foreign policy. The tendency to put added emphasis on reassurance (end hence less deterrence) was most apparent in the cases of Iceland and Finland. Danish and Swedish policy shared this tendency, but lacked the degree of consensus found in Iceland. Norway seems to have been the least amenable to a change in perspective. The course of the First Detente led to an even stronger emphasis on reassurance than had been the case previously. In all of the Nordic countries the invasion of Hungary had a similar alarming effect - it swung the pendulum back toward misgivings about Soviet intentions.
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| 2. |
- Axén, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of peak-broadening effects arising when combining CE with MS.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 28:18, s. 3207-3213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, peak-broadening effects caused by nebulizing gas flow and lack of temperature control have been investigated for separation capillaries with three different inner diameters. The study was performed with serial UV/ESI-MS detection in an effort to distinguish between peak broadening arising in the separation and peak broadening arising in the ion source. The nebulizing gas was found to significantly affect both migration time and separation efficiency when using capillaries with 50 and 75 µm id. If the nebulizing gas is on during injection, the injection volume increases to such an extent that significant peak broadening is induced. Reducing the id to 25 µm minimizes the parabolic flow induced by the nebulizing gas. Results indicate that the nebulizing gas pressure can be optimized to minimize peak broadening in the ion source. A decrease in detection sensitivity, possibly related to the orthogonal design of the interface, was observed when the nebulizing gas pressure was increased. A tapered capillary tip was found to provide superior separation efficiency as well as sensitivity.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eriksson-Zetterquist, Ulla, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Reklamen är livsviktig
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Forkstam, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Instruction effects in implicit artificial grammar learning: A preference for grammaticality
- 2008
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1221:24, s. 80-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human implicit learning can be investigated with implicit artificial grammar learning, a paradigm that has been proposed as a simple model for aspects of natural language acquisition. In the present study we compared the typical yes–no grammaticality classification, with yes–no preference classification. In the case of preference instruction no reference to the underlying generative mechanism (i.e., grammar) is needed and the subjects are therefore completely uninformed about an underlying structure in the acquisition material. In experiment 1, subjects engaged in a short-term memory task using only grammatical strings without performance feedback for 5 days. As a result of the 5 acquisition days, classification performance was independent of instruction type and both the preference and the grammaticality group acquired relevant knowledge of the underlying generative mechanism to a similar degree. Changing the grammatical stings to random strings in the acquisition material (experiment 2) resulted in classification being driven by local substring familiarity. Contrasting repeated vs. non-repeated preference classification (experiment 3) showed that the effect of local substring familiarity decreases with repeated classification. This was not the case for repeated grammaticality classifications. We conclude that classification performance is largely independent of instruction type and that forced-choice preference classification is equivalent to the typical grammaticality classification.
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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An objective comparison of pre-processing methods for enhancement of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1172:2, s. 135-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four data pre-processing methods have been applied with different settings to data sets obtained from the analysis of a pharmaceutical drug and its degradation products by liquid chromatography�mass spectrometry (LC�MS). The methods compared were the frequently used component detection algorithm (CODA) and three kinds of digital filters�matched filtration (MF), Gaussian second derivative (GSD) and Savitzky�Golay. The aim was to evaluate the performance and robustness of these methods for extracted ion chromatogram (XIC), total ion chromatogram (TIC) and base peak chromatogram (BPC) in the presence of different types of noise. In accordance with theory, the best improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the XICs were obtained with MF under the ideal case with random white noise. However, when highly coloured noise was present, it was found that no improvements in XIC S/N could be obtained with any of the pre-processing methods studied. GSD and CODA did, however, improve the S/N for both TIC and BPC. GSD and CODA also significantly reduced the background in the spectral domain, thereby facilitating the interpretation of the mass spectra. Another advantage associated with CODA and to some extent also with GSD is their data reduction ability.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Lena, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Design, gender and competitiveness
- 2009
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Ingår i: I: John Bryson and Grete Rusten (eds.) Industrial Design and Competitiveness: Spatial and Organizational Dimensions. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230203495 ; , s. 169-194
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Jones, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive and neural plasticity in aging : general and task-specific limitations.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634. ; 30:6, s. 864-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is evidence for cognitive as well as neural plasticity across the adult life span, although aging is associated with certain constraints on plasticity. In the current paper, we argue that the age-related reduction in cognitive plasticity may be due to (a) deficits in general processing resources, and (b) failure to engage in task-relevant cognitive operations. Memory-training research suggests that age-related processing deficits (e.g., executive functions, speed) hinder older adults from utilizing mnemonic techniques as efficiently as the young, and that this age difference is reflected by diminished frontal activity during mnemonic use. Additional constraints on memory plasticity in old age are related to difficulties that are specific to the task, such as creating visual images, as well as in binding together the information to be remembered. These deficiencies are paralleled by reduced activity in occipito-parietal and medial-temporal regions, respectively. Future attempts to optimize intervention-related gains in old age should consider targeting both general processing and task-specific origins of age-associated reductions in cognitive plasticity.
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| 9. |
- Lind, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced functional brain activity response in cognitively intact apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers
- 2006
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 129:5, s. 1240-1248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) is the main known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Genetic assessments in combination with other diagnostic tools, such as neuroimaging, have the potential to facilitate early diagnosis. In this large-scale functional MRI (fMRI) study, we have contrasted 30 APOE epsilon4 carriers (age range: 49-74 years; 19 females), of which 10 were homozygous for the epsilon4 allele, and 30 non-carriers with regard to brain activity during a semantic categorization task. Test groups were closely matched for sex, age and education. Critically, both groups were cognitively intact and thus symptom-free of Alzheimer's disease. APOE epsilon4 carriers showed reduced task-related responses in the left inferior parietal cortex, and bilaterally in the anterior cingulate region. A dose-related response was observed in the parietal area such that diminution was most pronounced in homozygous compared with heterozygous carriers. In addition, contrasts of processing novel versus familiar items revealed an abnormal response in the right hippocampus in the APOE epsilon4 group, mainly expressed as diminished sensitivity to the relative novelty of stimuli. Collectively, these findings indicate that genetic risk translates into reduced functional brain activity, in regions pertinent to Alzheimer's disease, well before alterations can be detected at the behavioural level.
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| 10. |
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