| 1. |
- Altman, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
-
Over the limit: Highly intoxicated witnesses’ ability to recall an event
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although intoxicated witnesses often exceed the legal BAC limit, few studies have examined how elevated BAC levels (>.08) affect eyewitness memory. This study tested witnesses’ memory across a broader BAC spectrum. Bar patrons were recruited (N =138) to watch a mock crime video. Immediately after, participants were interviewed using open-ended and cued questions. Alcohol diminished participants’ recall quantity and quality, but only those who were highly intoxicated (BAC >.13). Findings suggest the BAC levels frequently tested do not fully unveil the impairments highly intoxicated witnesses experience. Implications for collecting evidence from intoxicated witnesses are discussed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of intoxication and alcohol expectancies on suggestibility as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) Annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses and suspects in the U.S. are routinely questioned by law enforcement yet little is known about the effects of intoxication in legal contexts. The sparse research on the effect of intoxication on suggestibility is mixed. The current study will attempt to help clarify these mixed findings. Intoxicated, placebo, and control participants will complete the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale after consuming drinks consistent with their randomly assigned condition. Suggestibility is expected to be highest in intoxicated participants, lowest for control participants, and placebo participants are expected to fall in the middle. Implications for the criminal justice system will be discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
In vino veritas: Alcohol intoxicated persons’ willingness to report unethical or criminal behaviour carried out by themselves or others
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Oral presentation at the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG) conference (Monterey Bay, California, USA)..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Witnesses and suspects are frequently intoxicated during their first interview. Alcohol impairs executive functioning (e.g. impulse control, judgement), which in turn could have negative consequences for interviewee behaviour (e.g. oversharing sensitive information). In a legal context, interviewees’ willingness to disclose either a personal transgression or someone else’s transgression is often of great importance. Participants were randomly assigned to a 3 (Beverage: alcohol vs. placebo vs. control) x 2 (Transgression type: self vs. other) between-participants design. While drinking in the bar lab, all participants witnessed the bartender taking a shot of vodka asking them not to tell anyone. Afterwards, half of the participants were asked to report if they noticed the bartender commit a transgression. The other half were asked to report a personal transgression, defined as something unethical. Data-collection is ongoing; all interviews will be scored for whether a transgression was reported, and the number of details disclosed about the transgression.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Instruments to measure breath alcohol concentration: Reliability of the BACtrack S80 Pro and the Intoxilyzer 5000
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Poster presented at the Swedish Society for Alcohol- and Drug research (SAD) conference (Gothenburg, Sweden)..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Police often use handheld breathalyzers to make preliminary estimations of victims and suspect’s intoxication level. These initial measurements are often not valid as evidence in court. However, it is not always feasible for the officers to take the person to the police station and use a benchtop instrument for assessment. Aim: This study examined the reliability between two handheld BACtrack S80 Pro Breathalyzers and the benchtop instrument Intoxilyzer 5000. Method: The Intoxilyzer 5000 was calibrated every day and is on the US Department of Transportation’s Conforming Products List of Evidential Breath Alcohol Measurement Devices. In contrast, BACtrack S80 Pro was not calibrated each day given that the manufacturer does not recommend this. Four different BAC readings were taken from 60 intoxicated participants in a laboratory study (i.e., with two BACtrack S80’s and twice using the Intoxilyzer 5000). This 4-reading sequence was repeated multiple times over several hours. Results: For most of the measurement points, the two readings from the Intoxilyzer 5000 did not significantly differ from each other, but did often differ from the BACtrack S80 devices. The reliability between the two BACtrack S80 was low. Conclusion: Given that the Intoxilyzer 5000 was calibrated each day, we can assume that the validity of this instrument is high and that the measured breath alcohol concentration would correspond well with the participants’ actual blood alcohol concentration, better than the handheld ones would. This study also concludes that the Intoxilyzer 5000 demonstrated a higher level of reliability compared to the BACtrack S80.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Reliability of handheld versus benchtop measurement instruments used to assess breath alcohol concentration
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The 6th annual forensic science symposium at the International Forensic Research Institute Symposium (IFRI). - Miami, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examined the reliability between two handheld BACtrack S80 Pro Breathalyzers and the benchtop instrument Intoxilyzer 5000. The latter instrument was calibrated every day and is on the Department of Transportation’s Conforming Products List of Evidential Breath Alcohol Measurement Devices. Four different BAC readings were taken from 60 intoxicated participants in a laboratory study (i.e., with two BACtrack S80’s and twice using the Intoxilyzer 5000). This 4-reading sequence was repeated multiple times over several hours. For most of the measurement points, the two readings from the Intoxilyzer 5000 did not significantly differ from each other, but did often differ from the BACtrack S80 devices. The reliability between the two BACtrack S80 was low. Given that the Intoxilyzer 5000 was calibrated each day, we can assume that the validity of this instrument is high and would correspond well with the participants’ blood alcohol concentration, better than the handheld ones would.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of alcohol, and investigative interviewing approach on witness recall of an interactive event
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many witnesses and victims are intoxicated, but few studies have examined how alcohol affects memory. The present study compared the effects of different interview approaches on intoxicated witnesses’ recall of an interactive event. Participants were randomly assigned to a condition within a 3 (Intoxication level: sober vs. placebo vs. intoxicated) x 3 (Interview technique: positive vs. negative vs. mixed) between-participants design. Participants consumed 3 beverages, were involved in an interactive event, and were interviewed immediately after the event using either positive, negative or mixed interviewing approaches. Data-collection is currently ongoing; preliminary findings and implications will be discussed.
|
|
| 7. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Which interviewing approach is most efficient when asking intoxicated witnesses questions about a crime?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The 6th annual forensic science symposium at the International Forensic Research Institute Symposium. - Miami, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many witnesses and victims are intoxicated, but few studies have examined how alcohol affects eyewitness memory. The present study compared the effects of different interview approaches on intoxicated witnesses’ recall of an interactive event. Participants were randomly assigned to a condition within a 3 (Intoxication level: sober vs. placebo vs. intoxicated) x 3 (Interview technique: positive vs. negative vs. mixed) between-participants design. Participants consumed three beverages (as defined based on their intoxication condition), were involved in an interactive event, and were interviewed immediately using positive (i.e., free recall, open-ended questions), negative (i.e., closed questions, yes or no questions) or mixed (i.e., a mix between the positive and negative approaches) interviewing approaches. Data-collection is ongoing, but preliminary findings suggest that regardless of intoxication level, all witnesses benefit from a positive interview approach. Intoxicated witnesses also report more details in total, but recall more incorrect details compared to sober or placebo witnesses.
|
|
