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- Bogdanov, Kirill, 1987-
(författare)
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Reducing Long Tail Latencies in Geo-Distributed Systems
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Computing services are highly integrated into modern society. Millions of people rely on these services daily for communication, coordination, trading, and accessing to information. To meet high demands, many popular services are implemented and deployed as geo-distributed applications on top of third party virtualized cloud providers. However, the nature of such deployment provides variable performance characteristics. To deliver high quality of service, such systems strive to adapt to ever-changing conditions by monitoring changes in state and making run-time decisions, such as choosing server peering, replica placement, and quorum selection.In this thesis, we seek to improve the quality of run-time decisions made by geo-distributed systems. We attempt to achieve this through: (1) a better understanding of the underlying deployment conditions, (2) systematic and thorough testing of the decision logic implemented in these systems, and (3) by providing a clear view into the network and system states which allows these services to perform better-informed decisions.We performed a long-term cross datacenter latency measurement of the Amazon EC2 cloud provider. We used this data to quantify the variability of network conditions and demonstrated its impact on the performance of the systems deployed on top of this cloud provider.Next, we validate an application’s decision logic used in popular storage systems by examining replica selection algorithms. We introduce GeoPerf, a tool that uses symbolic execution and lightweight modeling to perform systematic testing of replica selection algorithms. We applied GeoPerf to test two popular storage systems and we found one bug in each.Then, using traceroute and one-way delay measurements across EC2, we demonstrated persistent correlation between network paths and network latency. We introduce EdgeVar, a tool that decouples routing and congestion based changes in network latency. By providing this additional information, we improved the quality of latency estimation, as well as increased the stability of network path selection.Finally, we introduce Tectonic, a tool that tracks an application’s requests and responses both at the user and kernel levels. In combination with EdgeVar, it provides a complete view of the delays associated with each processing stage of a request and response. Using Tectonic, we analyzed the impact of sharing CPUs in a virtualized environment and can infer the hypervisor’s scheduling policies. We argue for the importance of knowing these policies and propose to use them in applications’ decision making process.
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- Cappellini, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Early Pleistocene enamel proteome from Dmanisi resolves Stephanorhinus phylogeny
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7776, s. 103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sequencing of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of speciation, migration and admixture events for extinct taxa(1). However, the irreversible post-mortem degradation(2) of ancient DNA has so far limited its recovery-outside permafrost areasto specimens that are not older than approximately 0.5 million years (Myr)(3). By contrast, tandem mass spectrometry has enabled the sequencing of approximately 1.5-Myr-old collagen type I-4. and suggested the presence of protein residues in fossils of the Cretaceous period(5)-although with limited phylogenetic use(6). In the absence of molecular evidence, the speciation of several extinct species of the Early and Middle Pleistocene epoch remains contentious. Here we address the phylogenetic relationships of the Eurasian Rhinocerotidae of the Pleistocene epoch(7-9), using the proteome of dental enamel from a Stephanorhinus tooth that is approximately 1.77-Myr old, recovered from the archaeological site of Dmanisi (South Caucasus, Georgia)(10). Molecular phylogenetic analyses place this Stephanorhinus as a sister group to the Glade formed by the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) and Merck's rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis). We show that Coelodonta evolved from an early Stephanorhinus lineage, and that this latter genus includes at least two distinct evolutionary lines. The genus Stephanorhinus is therefore currently paraphyletic, and its systematic revision is needed. We demonstrate that sequencing the proteome of Early Pleistocene dental enamel overcomes the limitations of phylogenetic inference based on ancient collagen or DNA. Our approach also provides additional information about the sex and taxonomic assignment of other specimens from Dmanisi. Our findings reveal that proteomic investigation of ancient dental enamel-which is the hardest tissue in vertebrates(11), and is highly abundant in the fossil record-can push the reconstruction of molecular evolution further back into the Early Pleistocene epoch, beyond the currently known limits of ancient DNA preservation.
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- Dittrich, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016
- 2016
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Ingår i: ESMO Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2059-7029. ; 1:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMOappointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to provide state-of-the-art cancer care to all patients wherever they live. Recent progress in the field of cancer research has indeed resulted in diagnostic and therapeutic innovations such as targeted therapies as a standard therapeutic approach or personalised cancer medicine specialised training for medical oncology trainees. Thus, several new chapters on technical contents such as molecular pathology, translational research or molecular imaging and on conceptual attitudes towards human principles like genetic counselling or survivorship have been integrated in the GC. The GC edition 2016 consists of 12 sections with 17 subsections, 44 chapters and 35 subchapters, respectively. Besides renewal in its contents, the GC underwent a principal formal change taking into consideration modern didactic principles. It is presented in a template-based format that subcategorises the detailed outcome requirements into learning objectives, awareness, knowledge and skills. Consecutive steps will be those of harmonising and implementing teaching and assessment strategies.
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- Zerwas, SC, et al.
(författare)
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CBT4BN: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Online Chat and Face-to-Face Group Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0348 .- 0033-3190. ; 86:1, s. 47-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) represents the first-line evidence-based psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa (BN), most individuals seeking treatment do not have access to this specialized intervention. We compared an Internet-based manualized version of CBT group therapy for BN conducted via a therapeutic chat group (CBT4BN) to the same treatment conducted via a traditional face-to-face group therapy (CBTF2F). <b><i>Method:</i></b> In a two-site, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial, we tested the hypothesis that CBT4BN would not be inferior to CBTF2F. A total of 179 adult patients with BN (2.6% males) received up to 16 sessions of group CBT over 20 weeks in either CBT4BN or CBTF2F, and outcomes were compared at the end of treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At the end of treatment, CBT4BN was inferior to CBTF2F in producing abstinence from binge eating and purging. However, by the 12-month follow-up, CBT4BN was mostly not inferior to CBTF2F. Participants in the CBT4BN condition, but not CBTF2F, continued to reduce their binge-eating and purging frequency from the end of treatment to the 12-month follow-up. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CBT delivered online in a group chat format appears to be an efficacious treatment for BN, although the trajectory of recovery may be slower than face-to-face group therapy. Online chat groups may increase accessibility of treatment and represent a cost-effective approach to service delivery. However, barriers in service delivery such as state-specific license and ethical guidelines for online therapists need to be addressed.
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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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