| 1. |
- Faxer, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Electric cargo bike with a twist: A field test of two innovative bicycle concepts
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electric cargo (e-cargo) bikes have superior carrying capacity compared to conventional bicycles. Consequently, both scholars and policymakers have proposed that e-cargo bikes might be the answer to realizing car-free living. This study aims to identify their potential to replace car-use from the user’s, the manufacturer’s and the city’s perspective. Two versions of an e-cargo bike concept, equipped with weather protection, were field tested across four professional organizations in Gothenburg, Sweden. In short, the data show that the demonstrated e-cargo bikes can replace certain car travel. Still, this modal shift seems contingent to strong organizational and managerial support.
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| 2. |
- Mukhtar-Landgren, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived action spaces for public actors in the development of Mobility as a Service
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 7th Transport Research Arena TRA 2018, April 16-19, 2018, Vienna, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The public sector is showing increased interest in Mobility as a Service (MaaS), as its introduction and market penetration is proposed to potentially disrupt the personal transport system. However, involved public actors are approaching MaaS very differently. This paper applies a neo-institutional perspective to study the activities of public actors in the on-going development of MaaS in Finland and Sweden. To this end, it maps what policy instruments public actors are applying to govern the processes and discusses how this might relate to their perceived action spaces and roles. The contribution to extant MaaS-related research is twofold. Firstly, the analysis shows that public actors are applying a wide range of both hard and soft policy instruments in order to govern the development of MaaS. Secondly, a comparison across Finland and Sweden suggests that the perceived action spaces and the roles taken by public actors on regional and local levels are influenced by the activities of public actors on state-level. The paper concludes that public actors and policy instruments should not be studied in isolation. Rather, perceived action spaces and roles need to be analysed in a multi-level setting, where processes of enabling and promoting can vary between societal levels, and where the roles of the public sector are negotiated not only between public and private actors, but also between different public actors.
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| 3. |
- Smith, Göran, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility as a Service: Development scenarios and implications for public transport
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859. ; 69, s. 592-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bundled offerings that facilitate using multiple means for solving everyday travel needs are proposed to hold potential to facilitate a modal shift from private cars to servitized transport modes, including public transport (PT). This type of offering, often coined Mobility as a Service (MaaS), may require new forms of partnerships, in which private actors play a larger role in the creation of public value. Accordingly, based on input from 19 interviews with MaaS actors active in West Sweden, this paper explores how MaaS could develop and how PT might be affected. Three predictive scenarios are identified – market-driven, public-controlled and public-private – and the implications for future PT, in terms of the scope, usage, access, business model, competence structure and brand value, are discussed in relation to these. The authors conclude that finding a regulatory ‘sweet spot’ that drives innovation and secures public benefits will be key for future developments.
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| 4. |
- Smith, Göran, 1988
(författare)
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Public Sector Open Innovation: Exploring Barriers and How Intermediaries Can Mitigate Them
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Public organizations are increasingly embracing open innovation (OI) practices. Still, little is known about how the challenges they face when doing so compare to the barriers that have been identified for OI in the private sector. Similarly, despite being recognized as imperative actors in private sector OI, the understanding of open innovation intermediaries’ (OIIs) roles in public sector OI is limited. Given these two knowledge gaps, this licentiate thesis sets out to further the knowledge of what types of barriers impede public sector OI, and how OIIs can mitigate them. These issues are explored through four case studies within the public transport sector in Sweden. In all the cases, public organizations were trying to accelerate innovation through outbound OI practices, and in three of the cases, OIIs were utilized to facilitate the processes. A comparison of the case study findings and extant OI literature suggests that OI practices are harder to adopt for public organizations than for private firms. Public organizations face more rigorous regulations and more extensive bureaucracy, have fewer incentives to take risks, and are influenced by objectives and inner mechanisms that are difficult for external innovators to understand. Further, a cross-comparison of the case studies identifies that OIIs can mitigate the negative impacts of the aforementioned barriers by expanding the boundaries of innovation ecosystems, decreasing costs for distant search and data processing, fostering inter-organizational collaboration, and assisting public organizations in managing the innovation trajectory. Even so, the studied cases also illustrate that the introduction of OIIs can be contested, and that they might have hampering effects as well. Therefore, OIIs need to be carefully designed and launched so that they match the needs of the specific situations.
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