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| 2. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 3. |
- Bäcklin, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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2010 års knubbsälsjakt Undersökningar av insamlat material
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket beslutade 2010-04-28 (Dnr 412-2583-10 Nv ) att skyddsjakt efter knubbsäl skulle bedrivas för andra året i följd. Jakten pågick under perioderna 1/5-31/5 och 1/8-31/12 och inkluderade Västra Götaland och Hallands län (se Tabell 1). Svenska tillstånd för skyddsjakt omfattade totalt 90 knubbsälar. Kvoterna fördelades per län enligt en modell, som bl.a. bygger på förekomst av knubbsäl och faktorer som antal fiskare, fiskets inriktning, fångstvärde, sälskadornas värde samt sälskadornas varaktighet.Fälld säl rapporteras av jägaren till kustbevakningen som löpande sammanställer resultaten per län och skickar dessa vidare via e-post enligt sändlista. Naturvårdsverket beslutade även att fällda sälar skulle få behållas på villkor att prover och ifyllda uppgifter om de fällda sälarna i en s.k. jaktrapport skickades till Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (NRM), Enheten för Miljögiftsforskning.Nedan redovisas resultat från sammanställningar baserade på patologiska under-sökningar, åldersbestämning och uppgifter från jägare samt kustbevakningen.Undersökningarna har finansierats av Naturvårdsverkets enheter för Viltförvaltning respektive Miljöövervakning.Material och metoderI samband med jakten paketerar jägaren inre organ, underkäke, en bit späck med hud samt i förekommande fall penisben i plastpåsar tillsammans med jaktrapporten. Påsen fryses och skickas till utsett uppsamlingsställe eller direkt till NRM. På NRM har påsarna tinats och innehållet undersökts makroskopiskt. Vikt bestäms på hjärta, lever, binjurar och gonader. Provtagning för bakteriologisk eller parasitologisk undersökning utförs vid misstanke om infektion. Dessa undersökningar utförs i förekommande fall av Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt (SVA) i Uppsala. Underkäkar kokas och tänder tas ut för snittning och åldersbestämning. För kvalitetssäkrad åldersbestämning har en oberoende avläsning gjorts vid minst två tillfällen per säl. Mag- och tarminnehåll har tillvaratagits för dietstudier. För framtida analyser har vävnadsprover och ben tagits till miljöprovbanken.Mikroskopisk undersökning av vävnader har ej utförts eftersom materialet ofta varit kadaveröst förändrat samt fryst. Frysning av vävnaden medför vissa skador på cellnivå. I den följande redovisningen varierar antal undersökta sälar, beroende på att organ saknats i vissa påsar och/eller att jaktrapporter varit ofullständigt ifyllda.Graden av sjukliga förändringar i organen har bedömts i fyra steg från -utan synlig sjuklig förändring, lindrig, måttlig, till - kraftig förändring. 3För bedömning och förekomst av tarmsår, som förekommer hos gråsäl i Östersjön (Bergman, 1999), har bakre delen avileum samt caecum och colon (tunntarmen nära blindtarmen, blindtarmen och grovtarmen) från varje säl samlats för jämförande bedömning vid samma tillfälle.Späcktjockleken (hullet) baseras på av jägaren ifylld uppgift i jaktrapporten. Somgott hull räknades en späcktjocklek överstigande 35 mm, medelgott hull 26-35 mm och mindre gott hull understigande 26 mm.Knubbsälshonor har räknats som könsmogna när en gulkropp (corpus luteum) har observerats i äggstockarna.
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| 4. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The birth, rise and success (or fall?) of an intervention project : GodA – a project set up to test a model of the prerequisites for a healthy workplace
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditions in today’s working life make new approaches necessary in order to limit negative health effects of working life and to enhance wellbeing and health at work. Despite rather progressive legislation, a century of labour inspections, and the efforts of thousands of occupational health personnel, still around 20% of the Swedish workforce report to have had work-related disorders other than accidents during the last year (1). Even if this "elimination approach" partly has succeeded it´s obvious that it is insufficient or inadequate for a working life where key issues for progress are motivation, cooperation and creativity (2). In order to achieve a sustainable working life, not the least to coop with issues related to the ageing population in the developed countries, it is likely that strategies and actions from different and new angles are needed.Healthy workplace has been defined as an organization that maximizes the integration of worker goals for wellbeing and company objectives for profitability and productivity(3). It is noteworthy that the notion healthy workplace is not a substitute for good work environment it is a consequence. Different models, e.g. the PATH-model by Grawitch et al.(4) shows a synthesis of earlier research in a number of different disciplines and frames how a healthy workplace with wellbeing for the individual and organizational improvements can be achieved. Five general categories of healthy workplace practices were identified in the literature: work-life balance, employee growth and development, health and safety, recognition, and employee involvement. Previous research also suggests that the link between these practices and employee and organizational outcomes is contingent on the effectiveness of communication within the organization and the alignment of workplace practices with the organizational context.The GodA-project aims at investigating if work place strategies in line with the PATH-model lead to better health and wellbeing among the employees as well as organizational improvements.The GodA project is a 2 year follow up study with a survey feedback design in three companies with both blue- and white collar workers within the energy sector. One of the companies serves as "intervention company", the other two as controls. The project started out with a pre-project, by means of focus groups and individual interviews, in 2012 in order to find out how employees and managers in the three companies describe the concept of a healthy work environment, what they consider to create well-being at work, and how they perceive their own work environment:What factors are important for well-being at work? presented by T. KarlssonIn 2013 a baseline questionnaire where was sent out including items a) based on the results from the pre-study, and b) well-established questions and indices on health and work environment. The results from the survey have been reported back to the companies, which now are processing their results. Research question to be presented and discussed at the symposium:Is there a balance between factors of importance for wellbeing at work and the extent to which they are present at the workplace? presented by P. Lindberg.Is there a correlation between psychosocial work climate indicators and work-related well-The PATH-model emphasizes internal communication as critical in establishing a healthy workplace. As the baseline results show that the communication is not very well developed, this is the primary target for our intervention. We will demonstrate a method for how the survey data are presented back to the intervention company and how they are going to work with the results to improve their work environment, and at the same time enhance communication skills.After our presentation we invite the audience to discuss both the GodA-study and more general methodological issues when conducting intervention-studies, e.g:- When is a company ready (mature) to take part in research activities?- What are the pitfalls in workplace intervention studies?- To what degree can the researchers interact at the workplace and still be objective?- What is the value of focusing on the items that the employees responded to in the survey?References1. Swedish Work Environment Authority. Work -related disorders 2010 - Arbetsmiljöstatistisk Rapport 2010:4. Stockholm: Swedish Work Environment Authority. & Statistics Sweden 2010.2. Aronsson G, Gustafsson K, Hakanen J. On the development of a positive work-life psychology. In: Christensen M, editor. Validation and test of central concepts in positive work and organizatinal psychology The second report from the Nordic project 'Positive factors at work'. TemaNord 2009:564. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers; 2009. p. 93-4.3. Sauter S, Lim S, Murphy L. Organizational health: A new paradigm for occupational stress research at NIOSH. Japanese Journal of Occupational Mental Health. 1996;4:248-54.4. Grawitch MJ, Gottschalk M, Munz DC. The path to a healthy workplace: A critical review linking healthy workplace practices, employee well-being, and organizational improvements. Consulting Psychology Journal. 2006;58(3):129-47.
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| 7. |
- Neidenmark, Thomas, 1976-
(författare)
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Pedagogiska imperativ och sociala nätverk i svensk medborgarbildning 1812−1828
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis in the History of Education studies the pedagogization of Swedish society from 1812–1828. These ambitions were promoted by state officials and educational innovators who were tightly knit through social networks. The research questions are: Why did these individuals organize themselves the way they did in the field of education? Which practices of external communication and interaction within associations existed? Which impact did these practices of external communication and internal interaction have on the educational debate? Civic formation is analyzed through the activity or practices identified in the diffusion of useful knowledge, self-education, schools, and educational policies. Arguments for civic formation, educational imperatives, are reflected in new words and new schools. The imperatives are in part an outcome of social networking studied through affiliations to associations, newspapers and governing boards. Hence, a great number of affiliations have been organized in a new and advanced web-based application.Papers and associations were important to in dissolving feudal society, and as key ingredients for the emancipation of the middle class, they gradually gained more influence upon society. The educational reformers’ involvement in papers and societies were important for them coining new Swedish words with educational importance: it was an external communicative practice. Involvement in associations is somewhat more internal and has been studied as leading to social interaction. This interaction is studied as social capital through social network analysis. This revealed focal points on the individual level which made a significant contribution to the educational debate. These were social networks sustained by the spirit of Enlightenment and emancipation. What has long been unrecognized in the History of Education is presented as important features in this thesis through the analysis of social networks.
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| 8. |
- Strömberg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Mellanskarv : ett problem för svenskt fiske och fiskodling?
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport syftar till att belysa mellanskarvens inverkan på yrkesfiske, fiskodlingar och sportfiske i svenska insjövatten samt för det småskaliga yrkesfisket efter den svenska kusten. Materialet från insjöarna bygger på intervjuer av personer som är aktiva inom respektive sektor. För yrkesfiske längs kusten med passiva redskap har en frivillig journalföring över skador på fångst och redskap sammanställts. Den svenska mellanskarvpopulationen har ökat dramatiskt och därmed också oron inom speciellt yrkesfisket att skarven har en negativ inverkan på deras sysselsättning. Fiske med fasta redskap och nät får skador av skarv på både fångst och redskap. Skadad fångst är oftast osäljbar. En komplicerande faktor som är viktig att ta med i beräkningen är den dolda skadan, det vill säga den mängd fisk skarv plockar från redskapen utan att det märks, samt fisk, framförallt ål, som smiter ur redskapen där skarv har haft sönder maskor. För att översiktligt belysa påverkan av skarv på svenskt kust- och insjöfiske utfördes telefonintervjuer med 40 yrkesfiskare i svenska insjöar 2009, samt en sammanställning av fångst- och redskapsdata utifrån en frivillig journalföring av 44 yrkesfiskare längs kusten 2005 och 58 stycken 2006. Resultatet visade att majoriteten (85%) insjöfiskare fick skarvskador på fångst, framför allt på sik och siklöja. Majoriteten angav också negativa ekonomiska konsekvenser men omfattningen är oklar. Generellt var dock insjöfiskarena (62,5%) mer oroliga för konkurrens om resursen, det vill säga att skarven påverkade fiskförekomsten negativt. I kustfisket rapporterade var fjärde fiskare skarvskador, främst inom bottengarnfisket i egentliga Östersjön och ålryssjefisket på västkusten. Kommersiellt fiske efter sik och strömming uppvisade de största skadorna. För några få enskilda fiskare var skadorna stora men generellt var de klart mindre än vad beräkningar av sälskador visat. Aqua reports 2012:1 Insjöfiskarena uppskattade antalet bifångade skarvar till maximalt 30 per år och fiskare, med ett ungefärligt medelvärde på strax under 20 skarvar. I journalföringen rapporterades det i genomsnitt mindre än fyra bifångade skarvar per år och fiskare. Det är siffror som kraftigt understiger en tidigare uppskattning av bifångsterna via en telefonintervju med yrkesfiskare längs kusten under år 2002. För säkrare siffror på bifångster krävs direkta studier via observatörer eller kamerastudier. Majoriteten av fiskodlarna såg skarv regelbundet i odlingsområdet eller omgivande vatten men enbart var fjärde fiskodlare ansåg att skarven var ett problem. Fler uppgav istället att häger orsakade skador eller tog fisk. Representanter för fritidsfisket med handredskap såg skarven som en konkurrent om resursen och det fanns en oro för framtida fiskemöjligheter. Dock trodde en del att förändringar i miljön hade haft större bidragande orsaker till ett sämre fiske än skarven. En generell slutsats är att undersökningen visar på att det förekommer direkta skador på redskap och fångst men att detta inte är det allvarligaste problemet. Insjöfiskarna upplever generellt konkurrensen om fiskresursen som värre och längs kusten dominerar sälskador över skarvskador. Krav på förvaltningsåtgärder som minskar konflikten (jakt, äggprickning etc) är ett genomgående tema från de intervjuade personer och via kontakter med yrkesfiskare längs kusten. Det saknas tydliga data för att verifiera att skarven allvarligt påverkar fiskpopulationerna/ ekosystemen men det finns inte heller underlag som motsäger detta. Att så många fiskare och odlare anser sig drabbade av skarven är i sig ett tungt skäl till att de skall tas på allvar tills tydliga bevis om att skarven inte har en effekt tas fram.; -- This report is intended to throw light on the impact which the cormorant is having on commercial fisheries, angling and fish farming in Swedish lakes and rivers, and on small-scale inshore fisheries along the coast. Data for inland watercourses are based on interviews with people active in each sector, while the marine fisheries material is drawn from voluntary log-books kept by professional fishermen. The Swedish cormorant population has increased in recent years, and with it concern amongst commercial fishermen especially about a negative impact on the sector’s profitability. Gillnets and fish traps have proved vulnerable to both catch losses and gear damage. Fish pecked at by cormorants are usually unsalable. A complicating factor which it is important to consider is that of hidden losses, due to either whole fish being taken from the gear with no traces left behind, or fish (mainly eel) escaping from the nets where cormorants have ripped the mesh. In order to get a better idea of the impact of cormorants on the Swedish fishing industry, we reviewed catch and gear data from the daily logs kept by professional inshore fishermen as part of a voluntary co-operation with the Swedish Board of Fisheries, using a sample of 44 log books for the year 2005 and 58 for 2006. In addition we carried out telephone interviews with 40 professional lake fishermen in 2009. The majority (85%) of lake fishermen reported catch damage due to cormorants, primarily involving whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and vendace (Coregonus albula). Most also claimed financial losses, though the extent of these were unclear. Generally however, lake fishermen were more concerned (62,5%) about competition for the resource, i.e. that the cormorants were reducing the stocks available to the industry. One quarter of inshore fishermen reported cormorant damage, mainly in eel fyke nets on the west coast and in the Baltic Sea bottom-set gill net fishery. The greatest damage was experienced by the Baltic herring and whitefish fisheries. For a few individual fishermen the losses were significant, but generally speaking they were small compared with losses attributed to seal predation. Lake fishermen estimated annual bycatches of on average just fewer than 20 cormorants per fisherman, with a maximum of 30 birds. The voluntary log-books recorded on average less than four bycaught cormorants annually per fisherman. However, these figures are very much lower than those reported in a 2002 telephone survey of inshore fishermen. To get more reliable bycatch data, we would need proper field studies using onboard observers or camera systems. Most of the fish farmers we interviewed saw cormorants regularly around their pens but only one in four considered them to be a problem. More of them were concerned about herons causing damage or taking fish. Anglers fishing with rod and line in lakes and inland watercourses saw cormorants as competitors, and they were also concerned about future stocks. However, many felt that environmental degradation was more to blame than the cormorants for weakened fish stocks. As a general conclusion, most of the people interviewed considered that cormorants are indeed responsible for direct damage to fishing gear and catches. The inshore fishermen’s’ log-books show that at times there can be large catch losses due to cormorants, but generally these are much smaller than losses due to seals. The interviews revealed more concern overall about competition for resources than about direct damage and losses. Demands for action from the authorities in the shape of culling or egg pricking were a recurrent theme both in the interviews and in general contacts with professional fishermen up and down the Swedish coast. At the moment we have no clear data confirming that cormorants have a serious negative impact on fishing stocks or on the ecosystem as a whole, but nor do we have any evidence to the contrary. The fact that so many fishermen consider cormorants to be a threat to their industry should in itself be a sufficient reason to take their concerns seriously, until such time as clear evidence is produced that cormorants are in fact harmless
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