| 1. |
- Cregård, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Top managerial role in transition – or not? Trajectories during 20 years in Swedish local government
- 2018
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The top municipal managers – the CEOs – hold an important role in the Swedish municipalities. He or she is the highest non-politically appointed official, in charge of the administration. Often the position has ensured stability in municipalities with high turnover on politicians and changing political majority, and with the position also comes a comprehensive and professional bureaucracy. The municipal services are extensive in Sweden, and are characterized by high competence, independence from state intervention and a wide-ranging scope. Politics and management usually work close to each other. However, this makes the position of the municipal CEO both influential and difficult, as she or he moves in and between major political issues but always has to be perceived as apolitical and objective. The position is formally unregulated and is often described in terms of understanding and making sense about a golden interface. In this paper we analyze the past, present and the future of Swedish municipal administrative governance based on the perspective of the municipal CEO. We also discuss effects of the development of the role and its performance. We conclude by suggesting how the role - and thus also part of the municipal governance - could develop in the future.Two theoretical frameworks form the basis of our studies. Institutional theory forms the basis for analyzing path dependencies and change. Theoretical concepts of leadership form the basis for studying the managerial role of the municipal CEO. The framework provides the starting point for our operationalization of questions to a questionnaire sent to all Swedish municipal CEOs every five years for a 20-year period (a total of five times starting in 1995). In addition to the survey data, we use longitudinally collected interview data as well as secondary sources.Our investigations reveal that the municipal CEO holds his or her position in a shorter period (increased turnover) grows older and the proportion of women is increasing rapidly and steadily. The CEO puts less emphasis on economic crisis management, but puts more emphasis on ensuring compliance with rules, giving politicians advice and planning for regional development with other municipalities’ CEO. Comparing to other countries' corresponding positions, we notice that the Swedish municipal CEO has much in common with Northern Europe's local administrations, but not with Southern Europe's countries or Great Britain. The leadership style is more participatory than authoritative even if this changes slightly over the years. The CEOs describe their role as difficult, especially in relation to the political level. The changes in the role during the investigated 20 years suggest there are at least three trajectories to choose from in the future: 1) to become increasingly political (and perhaps even politically appointed), 2) to be clearly separated from the political level through increased formal regulation, or 3) to support continued informal interpreting of the mystic and undefined golden interface.
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| 2. |
- Edelbring, Samuel, 1969-
(author)
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A three-fold framework for relating to innovations and technology in education: learning from, with and about technology
- 2010
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In: Interprofessional E-Learning and Collaborative Work. - Hershey, PA : IGI Global. - 9781615208890 - 9781615208906 ; , s. 23-33
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years computer technology has developed quickly as have cultural practices in society. However, educational practices with technology have not yet reached the point where educators and learners benefit optimally from innovative technology. In interprofessional education (IPE) there are examples of technology use that forms an integral part of education. To improve IPE there is a need for reflection on how today and tomorrow’s technology can contribute. As technology and its practices melt together this reflection is however, not easily done. A framework intended as a starting point for such reflection is presented in the following chapter which involves learning from, with and about technology. To assess the benefit of technology for learning we need research on technology integration, on outcomes from learning with technology as well as processes of learning in conjunction with technology. This research has to use different perspectives involving various scientific traditions.
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| 3. |
- Askar, Ammar, et al.
(author)
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Finding black holes with black boxes – using machine learning to identify globular clusters with black hole subsystems
- 2019
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 485:4, s. 5345-5362
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Machine learning is a powerful technique, becoming increasingly popular in astrophysics. In this paper, we apply machine learning to more than a thousand globular cluster (GC) models simulated with the mocca-Survey Database I project in order to correlate present-day observable properties with the presence of a subsystem of stellar mass black holes (BHs). The machine learning model is then applied to available observed parameters for Galactic GCs to identify which of them that are most likely to be hosting a sizeable number of BHs and reveal insights into what properties lead to the formation of BH subsystems. With our machine learning model, we were able to shortlist 18 Galactic GCs that are most likely to contain a BH subsystem. We show that the clusters shortlisted by the machine learning classifier include those in which BH candidates have been observed (M22, M10, and NGC 3201) and that our results line up well with independent simulations and previous studies that manually compared simulated GC models with observed properties of Galactic GCs. These results can be useful for observers searching for elusive stellar mass BH candidates in GCs and further our understanding of the role BHs play in GC evolution. In addition, we have released an online tool that allows one to get predictions from our model after they input observable properties.
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| 4. |
- Askar, Raad, et al.
(author)
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Bioavailability of subcutaneous and intramuscular administrated buprenorphine in New Zealand White rabbits
- 2020
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In: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 16:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundBuprenorphine is one of the most used analgesics for postoperative pain in rabbits. The recommended dose in rabbits (0.01–0.05 mg/kg) is the same for intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) administration, despite lack of pharmacokinetic data. Five male and five female New Zealand White rabbits (mean ± SD body weight 3.1 ± 0.3 kg) were administered 0.05 mg/kg buprenorphine by the IV, IM and SC routes and 0.1 mg/kg by the SC route, in a cross-over design with two-week wash-out periods between treatments. Blood was collected before, and up to 8 h post buprenorphine injection, for determination of serum levels by UPHLC-MS/MS.ResultsThe area under the time concentration curve (AUC0-t) was lower after SC (398 ± 155 ng/mL/min) than IM (696 ± 168 ng/mL/min, p < 0.001) and IV (789 ± 189 ng/mL/min, p < 0.001) administration. The maximum serum concentration was lower after SC (2.2 ± 1.4 ng/mL) than after IM (11 ± 3.2 ng/mL) administration (p < 0.001). The bioavailability was lower after SC (50 ± 19%) than after IM (95 ± 21%) administration (p = 0.006). The elimination half-life was longer after SC (260 ± 120 min) than after IM (148 ± 26 min, p = 0.002) as well as IV (139 ± 33 min) injection (p < 0.001). An increase in the SC dose from 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg resulted in an increase in the area under the time concentration curve of 50% in female (p = 0.022) and 165% in male rabbits (p < 0.001). The bioavailability did not change in the females (36 ± 14%, p = 0.6), whereas it increased in the males (71 ± 23%, p = 0.008).ConclusionsThe lower bioavailability of 0.05 mg/kg buprenorphine after SC administration could explain the lack of efficacy seen in clinical pain studies in rabbits, using this route. For immediate pain relief, IV or IM administration is therefore be recommended, whereas SC administration may be useful to sustain analgesic serum levels, once efficient pain relief has been achieved. The current data do not support an increase in dose to compensate for the lower SC bioavailability.
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| 5. |
- Askari Ghotbabadi, Sadegh, et al.
(author)
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Ultra-small photoluminescent silicon-carbide nanocrystals by atmospheric-pressure plasmas
- 2016
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In: Nanoscale. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 8:39, s. 17141-17149
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Highly size-controllable synthesis of free-standing perfectly crystalline silicon carbide nanocrystals has been achieved for the first time through a plasma-based bottom-up process. This low-cost, scalable, ligand-free atmospheric pressure technique allows fabrication of ultra-small (down to 1.5 nm) nanocrystals with very low level of surface contamination, leading to fundamental insights into optical properties of the nanocrystals. This is also confirmed by their exceptional photoluminescence emission yield enhanced by more than 5 times by reducing the nanocrystals sizes in the range of 1-5 nm, which is attributed to quantum confinement in ultra-small nanocrystals. This method is potentially scalable and readily extendable to a wide range of other classes of materials. Moreover, this ligand-free process can produce colloidal nanocrystals by direct deposition into liquid, onto biological materials or onto the substrate of choice to form nanocrystal films. Our simple but efficient approach based on non-equilibrium plasma environment is a response to the need of most efficient bottom-up processes in nanosynthesis and nanotechnology.
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| 6. |
- Askari, Sadegh, et al.
(author)
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Plasma-based processes for planar and 3D surface patterning of functional nanoparticles
- 2019
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In: Journal of nanoparticle research. - : SPRINGER. - 1388-0764 .- 1572-896X. ; 21:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a gas-phase process for surface patterning and 3D self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) of functional materials such as metals, oxides, and nitrides. The method relies on electrostatic assembly of free-flying NPs with unipolar charge produced in plasma sources. We demonstrate the capability of the process in self-assembly of NPs, with the size in the range 10-60 nm, into arrays of free-standing 3D microstructures with complex morphologies. Considering that the plasma nanoparticle sources are compatible with synthesis of a large library of material NPs, the process introduces a novel approach for 3D printing of various functional NPs, high-precision device integration of NPs on sub-micrometer scales, and large-area parallel surface patterning of NPs.
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| 7. |
- Askari, SJ, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and characterization of nano-crystalline CVD diamond film on pure titanium using Ar/CH 4/H 2 gas mixture
- 2007
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In: Materials letters (General ed.). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-577X .- 1873-4979. ; 61:11-12, s. 2139-2142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Titanium and Ti alloys have poor tribological properties and deposition of a well adherent diamond coating is a promising way to solve this problem. But diamond film deposition on pure titanium and Ti alloys is always difficult due to the high diffusion coefficient of carbon in Ti, the large mismatch in their thermal expansion coefficients, the complex nature of the interlayer formed during diamond deposition, and the difficulty of achieving very high nucleation density. A nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) film can resolve Ti and Ti alloys weak tribological performance due to its smooth surface. A well-adhered NCD film was successfully deposited on pure Ti substrate by using a microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MWPCVD) system in the environment of Ar, CH4 and H2 gases at a moderate temperature. Detailed experimental results on the preparation, characterization and successful deposition of the NCD film on pure Ti are discussed
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Erlander, Tage, 1901-1985, et al.
(author)
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Dagböcker. 1963-1964 / Tage Erlander
- 2012. - 1
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Tage Erlander var statsminister under åren 1946-1969. Han skrev dagligen dagbok för hand. Dessa dagböcker för åren 1963 - 1964 publiceras i sin helhet i förliggande volym.
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| 10. |
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