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- Hultman, J., et al.
(author)
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Host range of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent
- 2018
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In: Fems Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 94:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) collect wastewater from various sources for a multi-step treatment process. By mixing a large variety of bacteria and promoting their proximity, WWTPs constitute potential hotspots for the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Concerns have been expressed regarding the potential of WWTPs to spread antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from environmental reservoirs to human pathogens. We utilized epicPCR (Emulsion, Paired Isolation and Concatenation PCR) to detect the bacterial hosts of ARGs in two WWTPs. We identified the host distribution of four resistance-associated genes (tetM, int1, qacE Delta 1 and bla(OXA-58)) in influent and effluent. The bacterial hosts of these resistance genes varied between the WWTP influent and effluent, with a generally decreasing host range in the effluent. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, it was determined that the resistance gene carrying bacteria include both abundant and rare taxa. Our results suggest that the studied WWTPs mostly succeed in decreasing the host range of the resistance genes during the treatment process. Still, there were instances where effluent contained resistance genes in bacterial groups not carrying these genes in the influent. By permitting exhaustive profiling of resistance-associated gene hosts in WWTP bacterial communities, the application of epicPCR provides a new level of precision to our resistance gene risk estimates.
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- Rahpoe, N., et al.
(author)
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Relative drifts and biases between six ozone limb satellite measurements from the last decade
- 2015
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In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 8:10, s. 4369-4381
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As part of European Space Agency's (ESA) climate change initiative, high vertical resolution ozone profiles from three instruments all aboard ESA's Envisat (GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY) and ESA's third party missions (OSIRIS, SMR, ACE-FTS) are to be combined in order to create an essential climate variable data record for the last decade. A prerequisite before combining data is the examination of differences and drifts between the data sets. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of ozone profile differences based on pairwise collocated measurements, including the evolution of the differences with time. Such a diagnosis is helpful to identify strengths and weaknesses of each data set that may vary in time and introduce uncertainties in long-term trend estimates. The analysis reveals that the relative drift between the sensors is not statistically significant for most pairs of instruments. The relative drift values can be used to estimate the added uncertainty in physical trends. The added drift uncertainty is estimated at about 3 % decade-1 (1s). Larger differences and variability in the differences are found in the lowermost stratosphere (below 20 km) and in the mesosphere.
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- Tamminen, T., et al.
(author)
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Mobile and flexible processing of biomass – EU project Mobile Flip
- 2015
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In: VTT Technology. - 2242-1211. ; , s. 28-41
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- EU project MOBILE FLIP in the SPIRE program aims at developing and demonstrating mobile processes for the treatment of underexploited agro- and forest based biomass resources into products and intermediates. The processes are evaluated in terms of raw material flexibility, as the biomass resources are typically scattered and seasonal. Process concepts have been designed around the key technologies pelletizing, torrefaction, slow pyrolysis, hydrothermal pretreatment and carbonisation. The products vary depending on the process concept, being typically fuels as such or for co-combustion (pellets, torrefied pellets, biocoals), biochars for soil remediation, biodegradable pesticides for agricultural or forestry use or chemicals for wood panel industry and sugars and hydrolysable cellulose as intermediate for the sugar platform. The concept evaluations are supported both by research and industrial (SME and large industries) partners in the whole value chains. Dissemination, communication and exploitation activities are an integral part of the project. Life-cycle analysis and a wide sustainability evaluation (economic, environmental and social assessment) are carried out for the process concepts in order to clarify their potential for flexible raw material valorisation. The partners are represented by the coauthors in this presentation: four SMEs, two large companies, six research organizations. The project duration is four years and total budget approximately EUR 10 million.
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