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- González-Gil, Esther María, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective associations between dietary patterns and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in European children: the IDEFICS study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 57:4, s. 1397-1407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This prospective study explores high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in relation to dietary patterns at two time points in European children.Out of the baseline sample of the IDEFICS study (n=16,228), 4020 children, aged 2-9 years at baseline, with available hs-CRP levels and valid data from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (T0) and 2 years later (T1) were included. K-means clustering algorithm based on the similarities between relative food consumption frequencies of the FFQ was applied. hs-CRP was dichotomized according to sex-specific cutoff points. Multilevel logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and hs-CRP adjusting for covariates.Three consistent dietary patterns were found at T0 and T1: 'animal protein and refined carbohydrate', 'sweet and processed' and 'healthy'. Children allocated to the 'protein' and 'sweet and processed' clusters at both time points had significantly higher odds of being in the highest category of hs-CRP (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.03-2.09 for 'animal protein and refined carbohydrate' and OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.08-1.92 for 'sweet and processed') compared to the 'healthy' cluster. The odds remained significantly higher for the 'sweet and processed' pattern (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05-1.84) when covariates were included.A dietary pattern characterized by frequent consumption of sugar and processed products and infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits over time was independently related with inflammation in European children. Efforts to improve the quality of the diet in childhood may prevent future diseases related with chronic inflammation.
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| 4. |
- Tognon, Gianluca, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Are segmental MF-BIA scales able to reliably assess fat mass and lean soft tissue in an elderly Swedish population?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 72, s. 239-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims The assessment of body composition is an important measure to monitor the process of healthy aging and detect early signs of disease. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered a valid technique for the assessment of body composition but is confined to the clinical environment. Multi-frequency bio-electrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) might be a versatile alternative to DXA. We aimed to assess whether a segmental MF-BIA scale can be an accurate and reliable tool for the monitoring of body composition in the elderly and whether the presence of metallic prostheses can influence the agreement between the two techniques. Subjects and methods Weight and height were measured in 92 healthy subjects (53 women) aged 80–81 years from the H70 Gerontological and Geriatric study in Gothenburg. Total and segmental fat mass (FM) and lean soft tissue (LST) were estimated by DXA (Lunar Prodigy, Scanex, Sweden) and segmental MF-BIA (MC-180MA, Tanita, Japan). Bland–Altman analyses were performed to assess the agreement between the two techniques. The prediction of DXA-FM by MF-BIA was compared to that of the body mass index (BMI). Results and discussion MF-BIA showed a significant underestimation of FM and an overestimation of LST that was larger in men than in women. Smaller but significant deviations were found for appendicular LST and SMM. MF-BIA was not superior to BMI at predicting DXA-FM. The lack of agreement between MF-BIA and DXA was not due to the presence of metal prostheses or diagnoses such as hypertension and edema. The prediction equations applied by the device used in this study should be adapted to the elderly population and details about the reference population(s) should be disclosed.
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| 5. |
- Tognon, Gianluca, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy product intake and mortality in a cohort of 70-year-old Swedes: a contribution to the Nordic diet discussion
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 57:8, s. 2869-2876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Author(s) Introduction: Conflicting results in the literature exist on the role of dairy products in the context of a Nordic Healthy Diet (NHD). Two recent Swedish studies indicate both negative and positive associations with total mortality when comparing key dairy products. There is no consensus about how to include these foods into the NHD. Purpose: To study consumption of cheese and milk products (milk, sour milk and unsweetened yoghurt) by 70-year-old Swedes in relation to all-cause mortality. Methods: Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by follow-up duration, were used to assess the prediction of all-cause mortality by the above foods. The associations of fat from cheese and milk products with mortality were tested in separate models. Results: Cheese intake inversely predicted total mortality, particularly at high protein intakes, and this association decreased in strength with increasing follow-up time. Milk products predicted increased mortality with stable HRs over follow-up. The association between milk products and mortality was strongly influenced by the group with the highest consumption. Fat from cheese mirrored the protective association of cheese intake with mortality, whereas fat from milk products predicted excess mortality, but only in an energy-adjusted model. Conclusion: Based on our results, it may be argued that the role of dairy products in the context of a Nordic healthy diet should be more clearly defined by disaggregating cheese and milk products and not necessarily focusing on dairy fat content. Future epidemiological research should consider dairy products as disaggregated food items due to their great diversity in health properties.
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| 6. |
- Tognon, Gianluca, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality 1,2
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 105:6, s. 1502-1511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A positive association between nonfermented milk intake and increased all-cause mortality was recently reported, but overall, the association between dairy intake and mortality is inconclusive. Objective: We studied associations between intake of dairy products and all-cause mortality with an emphasis on nonfermented milk and fat content. Design: A total of 103,256 adult participants (women: 51.0%) from Northern Sweden were included (7121 deaths; mean follow-up: 13.7 y). Associations between all-cause mortality and reported intakes of nonfermented milk (total or by fat content), fermented milk, cheese, and butter were tested with the use of Cox proportional hazards models that were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, education, energy intake, examination year, and physical activity. To circumvent confounding, Mendelian randomization was applied in a subsample via the lactase LCT-13910 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism that is associated with lactose tolerance and milk intake. Results: High consumers of nonfermented milk (>= 2.5 times/d) had a 32% increased hazard (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.48) for all-cause mortality compared with that of subjects who consumed milk <= 1 time/wk. The corresponding value for butter was 11% (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.21). All nonfermented milk-fat types were independently associated with increased HRs, but compared with full-fat milk, HRs were lower in consumers of medium-and low-fat milk. Fermented milk intake (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.94) and cheese intake (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96) were negatively associated with mortality. Results were slightly attenuated by lifestyle adjustments but were robust in sensitivity analyses. Mortality was not significantly associated with the LCT-13910 C/T genotype in the smaller subsample. The amount and type of milk intake was associated with lifestyle variables. Conclusions: In the present Swedish cohort study, intakes of nonfermented milk and butter are associated with higher all-cause mortality, and fermented milk and cheese intakes are associated with lower all-cause mortality. Residual confounding by lifestyle cannot be excluded, and Mendelian randomization needs to be examined in a larger sample.
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