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| 2. |
- van der Wouden, Cathelijne H., et al.
(author)
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Generating evidence for precision medicine : considerations made by the Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics Consortium when designing and operationalizing the PREPARE study
- 2020
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In: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics. - 1744-6872 .- 1744-6880. ; 30:6, s. 131-144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives Pharmacogenetic panel-based testing represents a new model for precision medicine. A sufficiently powered prospective study assessing the (cost-)effectiveness of a panel-based pharmacogenomics approach to guide pharmacotherapy is lacking. Therefore, the Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics Consortium initiated the PREemptive Pharmacogenomic testing for prevention of Adverse drug Reactions (PREPARE) study. Here, we provide an overview of considerations made to mitigate multiple methodological challenges that emerged during the design.Methods An evaluation of considerations made when designing the PREPARE study across six domains: study aims and design, primary endpoint definition and collection of adverse drug events, inclusion and exclusion criteria, target population, pharmacogenomics intervention strategy, and statistical analyses.Results Challenges and respective solutions included: (1) defining and operationalizing a composite primary endpoint enabling measurement of the anticipated effect, by including only severe, causal, and drug genotype-associated adverse drug reactions; (2) avoiding overrepresentation of frequently prescribed drugs within the patient sample while maintaining external validity, by capping drugs of enrolment; (3) designing the pharmacogenomics intervention strategy to be applicable across ethnicities and healthcare settings; and (4) designing a statistical analysis plan to avoid dilution of effect by initially excluding patients without a gene–drug interaction in a gatekeeping analysis.Conclusion Our design considerations will enable quantification of the collective clinical utility of a panel of pharmacogenomics-markers within one trial as a proof-of-concept for pharmacogenomics-guided pharmacotherapy across multiple actionable gene–drug interactions. These considerations may prove useful to other investigators aiming to generate evidence for precision medicine.
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| 3. |
- Blasko, Robert, et al.
(author)
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The carbon sequestration response of aboveground biomass and soils to nutrient enrichment in boreal forests depends on baseline site productivity
- 2022
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 838
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nutrient enrichment can alleviate productivity limitations and thus substantially increase carbon (C) uptake in northern coniferous forests. Yet, factors controlling stand-to-stand variation of forest ecosystem responses to nutrient enrichment remain unclear. We used five long-term (13 years) nutrient-enrichment experiments across Sweden, where nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium were applied annually to young Norway spruce forests that varied in their baseline ecosystem properties. We measured tree biomass and soil C and N stocks, litterfall C inputs, soil CO2 efflux, and shifts in composition and biomass of soil microbial communities to understand the links between above and belowground responses to nutrient enrichment. We found that the strongest responses in tree biomass occurred when baseline site productivity was lowest. High increases in tree biomass C stocks were generally balanced by weaker responses in organic soil C stocks. The average ecosystem C-N response rate was 35 kg C kg-1 N added, with a nearly five-fold greater response rate in tree biomass than in soil. The positive nutrient enrichment effects on ecosystem C sinks were driven by a 95% increase in tree biomass C stocks, 150% increase in litter production, 67% increase in organic layer C stocks, and a 46% reduction in soil CO2 efflux accompanied by compositional changes in soil microbial communities. Our results show that ecosystem C uptake in spruce forests in northern Europe can be substantially enhanced by nutrient enrichment; however, the strength of the responses and whether the enhancement occurs mainly in tree biomass or soils are dependent on baseline forest productivity.
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- Fejes, Andreas, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Platsens betydelse
- 2021
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In: Utbildning i migrationens tid. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144143255 ; , s. 131-145
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I tidigare kapitel har olika utbildningssammanhang och deras roll för inkludering analyserats. Här riktas nu blicken mer specifikt mot språkintroduktionsprogrammet, och vi tittar på vilken roll som olika platser där detta program erbjuds spelar för inkludering. Hur blir skolan till som en plats av betydelse för nyanlända elever? Utifrån intervjuer med både lärare och elever lyfter vi fram några av de faktorer som gör att platsen inkluderar såväl som exkluderar.
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| 6. |
- Giselsson, Pontus
(author)
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Gradient-Based Model Predictive Control in a Pendulum System
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Model predictive control (MPC) is applied to a physical pendulum system consisting of a pendulum and a cart. The objective of the MPC controller is to steer the system towards precomputed, time-optimal feedforward trajectories that move the system from one stationary point to another. The sample time of the controller sets hard limitations on the execution time of the optimization algorithm in the MPC controller. The MPC optimization problem is stated as a quadratic program, which is solved using the algorithm presented in [10]. The algorithm in [10] is an accelerated gradient method that is applied to solve a dual formulation of the MPC optimization problem. Experiments show that the optimization algorithm is efficient enough to be implemented in a real-time pendulum application.
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| 7. |
- van der Veldt, Astrid A. M., et al.
(author)
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Toward Prediction of Efficacy of Chemotherapy : A Proof of Concept Study in Lung Cancer Patients Using [11C]docetaxel and Positron Emission Tomography
- 2013
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 19:15, s. 4163-4173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose:Pharmacokinetics of docetaxel can be measured in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and a microdose of radiolabeled docetaxel ([11C]docetaxel). The objective of this study was to investigate whether a [11C]docetaxel PET microdosing study could predict tumor uptake of therapeutic doses of docetaxel.Experimental Design:Docetaxel-naïve lung cancer patients underwent 2 [11C]docetaxel PET scans; one after bolus injection of [11C]docetaxel and another during combined infusion of [11C]docetaxel and a therapeutic dose of docetaxel (75 mg·m−2). Compartmental and spectral analyses were used to quantify [11C]docetaxel tumor kinetics. [11C]docetaxel PET measurements were used to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) of docetaxel in tumors. Tumor response was evaluated using computed tomography scans.Results:Net rates of influx (Ki) of [11C]docetaxel in tumors were comparable during microdosing and therapeutic scans. [11C]docetaxel AUCTumor during the therapeutic scan could be predicted reliably using an impulse response function derived from the microdosing scan together with the plasma curve of [11C]docetaxel during the therapeutic scan. At 90 minutes, the accumulated amount of docetaxel in tumors was less than 1% of the total infused dose of docetaxel. [11C]docetaxel Ki derived from the microdosing scan correlated with AUCTumor of docetaxel (Spearman ρ = 0.715; P = 0.004) during the therapeutic scan and with tumor response to docetaxel therapy (Spearman ρ = −0.800; P = 0.010).Conclusions:Microdosing data of [11C]docetaxel PET can be used to predict tumor uptake of docetaxel during chemotherapy. The present study provides a framework for investigating the PET microdosing concept for radiolabeled anticancer drugs in patients.
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| 8. |
- van der Woude, Maartje, et al.
(author)
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Crimmigration in Europe
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 14:1, s. 3-6
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
- van Meerveld, H. J. Ilja, et al.
(author)
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Information content of stream level class data for hydrological model calibration
- 2017
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In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 21:9, s. 4895-4905
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Citizen science can provide spatially distributed data over large areas, including hydrological data. Stream levels are easier to measure than streamflow and are likely also observed more easily by citizen scientists than streamflow. However, the challenge with crowd based stream level data is that observations are taken at irregular time intervals and with a limited vertical resolution. The latter is especially the case at sites where no staff gauge is available and relative stream levels are observed based on (in) visible features in the stream, such as rocks. In order to assess the potential value of crowd based stream level observations for model calibration, we pretended that stream level observations were available at a limited vertical resolution by transferring streamflow data to stream level classes. A bucket-type hydrological model was calibrated with these hypothetical stream level class data and subsequently evaluated on the observed streamflow records. Our results indicate that stream level data can result in good streamflow simulations, even with a reduced vertical resolution of the observations. Time series of only two stream level classes, e.g. above or below a rock in the stream, were already informative, especially when the class boundary was chosen towards the highest stream levels. There was some added value in using up to five stream level classes, but there was hardly any improvement in model performance when using more level classes. These results are encouraging for citizen science projects and provide a basis for designing observation systems that collect data that are as informative as possible for deriving model based streamflow time series for previously ungauged basins.
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| 10. |
- Weineland, Sandra, et al.
(author)
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Development and validation of a new questionnaire measuring eating disordered behaviours post bariatric surgery.
- 2012
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In: Clinical obesity. - : Wiley. - 1758-8103 .- 1758-8111. ; 2:5-6, s. 160-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contextualization of post-surgery circumstances in terms of key behaviours and emotions related to eating is crucial for reliable screening. Disordered eating post surgery is characterized by frequent snacking and a sense of loss of control over food intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short self-report questionnaire entitled Disordered Eating after Bariatric Surgery (DEBS). Results indicate that the DEBS possesses satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability, validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The DEBS may facilitate both systematic clinical evaluation and future research within the area of bariatric surgery.
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