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- Barucca, G., et al.
(author)
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The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR
- 2021
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In: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.
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| 2. |
- Barucca, G., et al.
(author)
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Study of excited Ξ baryons with the P¯ ANDA detector
- 2021
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In: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study of baryon excitation spectra provides insight into the inner structure of baryons. So far, most of the world-wide efforts have been directed towards N∗ and Δ spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the study of the double and triple strange baryon spectrum provides independent information to the N∗ and Δ spectra. The future antiproton experiment P¯ANDA will provide direct access to final states containing a Ξ¯ Ξ pair, for which production cross sections up to μb are expected in p¯p reactions. With a luminosity of L= 10 31 cm- 2 s- 1 in the first phase of the experiment, the expected cross sections correspond to a production rate of ∼106events/day. With a nearly 4 π detector acceptance, P¯ANDA will thus be a hyperon factory. In this study, reactions of the type p¯p → Ξ¯ +Ξ∗ - as well as p¯p → Ξ¯ ∗ +Ξ- with various decay modes are investigated. For the exclusive reconstruction of the signal events a full decay tree fit is used, resulting in reconstruction efficiencies between 3 and 5%. This allows high statistics data to be collected within a few weeks of data taking.
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| 6. |
- Wenzel, H. H. B., et al.
(author)
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A federated approach to identify women with early-stage cervical cancer at low risk of lymph node metastases
- 2023
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In: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 185, s. 61-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Lymph node metastases (pN+) in presumed early-stage cervical cancer negatively impact prognosis. Using federated learning, we aimed to develop a tool to identify a group of women at low risk of pN+, to guide the shared decision-making process concerning the extent of lymph node dissection.Methods: Women with cervical cancer between 2005 and 2020 were identified retrospectively from population-based registries: the Danish Gynaecological Cancer Database, Swedish Quality Registry for Gynaecologic Cancer and Netherlands Cancer Registry. Inclusion cri-teria were: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma; The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 IA2, IB1 and IIA1; treatment with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node assessment. We applied privacy-preserving federated logistic regression to identify risk factors of pN+. Significant factors were used to stratify the risk of pN+. Results: We included 3606 women (pN+ 11%). The most important risk factors of pN+ were lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (odds ratio [OR] 5.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.59-5.79), tumour size 21-40 mm (OR 2.14, 95% CI, 1.89-2.43) and depth of invasion > 10 mm (OR 1.81, 95% CI, 1.59-2.08). A group of 1469 women (41%)-with tumours without LVSI, tumour size 520 mm, and depth of invasion 510 mm-had a very low risk of pN + (2.4%, 95% CI, 1.7-3.3%). Conclusion: Early-stage cervical cancer without LVSI, a tumour size 520 mm and depth of invasion 510 mm, confers a low risk of pN+. Based on an international privacy-preserving analysis, we developed a useful tool to guide the shared decision-making process regarding lymph node dissection.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Carvalho, Rodrigo P.
(author)
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Organic Electrode Battery Materials : A Journey from Quantum Mechanics to Artificial Intelligence
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Batteries have become an irreplaceable technology in human life as society becomes progressively more dependent on electricity. The demand for novel battery technologies has increased fast, especially with the popularisation of different portable devices. However, the current battery industry relies heavily on non-renewable resources that are also prone to provoke environmental harm. Among the possible candidates for the next generation of batteries, organic electroactive materials (OEMs) have become attractive due to a series of advantages: vastly accessible from renewable raw materials; highly versatile due to the possible functionalisation mechanisms; possibly lower production costs; reduced environmental impacts; etc. Nevertheless, some drawbacks need to be overcome before OEMs become competitive. Issues with energy density, rate capability and cycling stability hinder their final technological application. This thesis thereby discusses fundamental aspects of OEMs and proposes novel techniques to accelerate the materials discovery process.The first part of this thesis presents a pathway to systematically investigate organic materials by combining quantum mechanics calculations and crystal structure predictions. An evolutionary algorithm predicts the crystal structure of several OEMs, enabling an initial assessment of the electronic structure and the thermodynamics of the ionic insertion mechanism in these compounds. Furthermore, this first part also suggests an approach to tailor OEMs, identifying their charge storage limits and the possible occurrence of metastable phases during the ion insertion process. However, the presented strategy, while accurate, is seriously limited by its high computational demands, which are unrealistic for high-throughput screening of novel materials.Since organic materials represent a possibly limitless universe of compounds, alternative techniques are needed. Thus, the second part of this thesis combines quantum mechanics and artificial intelligence (AI), rendering a powerful platform to aid this task. An “AI-\textit{kernel}” was employed to analyse millions of organic compounds, discovering novel possible organic battery materials. Moreover, the AI accurately identified common functional groups associated with higher-voltage electrodes and suggested features that may aid future materials design. Furthermore, the kernel can also identify materials suitable for Na- and K-ion batteries and anticipate their redox stability.In conclusion, this thesis has focused on investigating fundamental properties of organic electroactive materials, particularly the ionic insertion process in batteries. Furthermore, AI-driven methodologies have also been proposed, accurately evaluating OEMs and enabling fast access to the gigantic organic realm when searching for novel battery electrode materials.
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| 10. |
- Gerber, Julia P., et al.
(author)
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Aberrant chromatin landscape following loss of the H3.3 chaperone Daxx in haematopoietic precursors leads to Pu.1-mediated neutrophilia and inflammation
- 2021
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In: Nature Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-7392 .- 1476-4679. ; 23:12, s. 1224-1239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Defective silencing of retrotransposable elements has been linked to inflammageing, cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Here we implicate the histone H3.3 chaperone Daxx, a retrotransposable element repressor inactivated in myeloid leukaemia and other neoplasms, in protection from inflammatory disease. Loss of Daxx alters the chromatin landscape, H3.3 distribution and histone marks of haematopoietic progenitors, leading to engagement of a Pu.1-dependent transcriptional programme for myelopoiesis at the expense of B-cell differentiation. This causes neutrophilia and inflammation, predisposing mice to develop an autoinflammatory skin disease. While these molecular and phenotypic perturbations are in part reverted in animals lacking both Pu.1 and Daxx, haematopoietic progenitors in these mice show unique chromatin and transcriptome alterations, suggesting an interaction between these two pathways. Overall, our findings implicate retrotransposable element silencing in haematopoiesis and suggest a cross-talk between the H3.3 loading machinery and the pioneer transcription factor Pu.1.
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