| 1. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
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The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
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| 2. |
- Lan, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive functional diversification of the Populus glutathione S-transferase supergene family
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 21:12, s. 3749-3766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying how genes and their functions evolve after duplication is central to understanding gene family radiation. In this study, we systematically examined the functional diversification of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family in Populus trichocarpa by integrating phylogeny, expression, substrate specificity, and enzyme kinetic data. GSTs are ubiquitous proteins in plants that play important roles in stress tolerance and detoxification metabolism. Genome annotation identified 81 GST genes in Populus that were divided into eight classes with distinct divergence in their evolutionary rate, gene structure, expression responses to abiotic stressors, and enzymatic properties of encoded proteins. In addition, when all the functional parameters were examined, clear divergence was observed within tandem clusters and between paralogous gene pairs, suggesting that subfunctionalization has taken place among duplicate genes. The two domains of GST proteins appear to have evolved under differential selective pressures. The C-terminal domain seems to have been subject to more relaxed functional constraints or divergent directional selection, which may have allowed rapid changes in substrate specificity, affinity, and activity, while maintaining the primary function of the enzyme. Our findings shed light on mechanisms that facilitate the retention of duplicate genes, which can result in a large gene family with a broad substrate spectrum and a wide range of reactivity toward different substrates.
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| 3. |
- Mak, Yim Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluorinated Compounds in Tap Water from China and Several Other Countries
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 43:13, s. 4824-4829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent development of a sensitive and accurate analytical method for the analysis of 20 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including several short-chain PFCs, has enabled their quantification in tap water collected in China, Japan, India, the United States, and Canada between 2006 and 2008. Of the PFCs measured, PFOS, PFHxS, PFBS, PFPrS, PFEtS, PFOSA, N-EtFOSAA, PFDoDA, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, PFHpA, PFHxA, PFPeA, PFBA, and PFPrA were found at detectable concentrations in the tap water samples. The water samples from Shanghai (China) contained the greatest concentrations of total PFCs (arithmetic mean = 130 ng/L), whereas those from Toyama (Japan) contained only 0.62 ng/L. In addition to PFOS and PFOA, short-chain PFCs such as PFHxS, PFBS, PFHxA, and PFBA were found to be prevalent in drinking water. According to the health-based values (HBVs) and advisory guidelines derived for PFOS, PFOA, PFBA, PFHxS, PFBS, PFHxA, and PFPeA by the U.S.EPA and the Minnesota Department of Health, tap water may not pose an immediate health risk to consumers.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Mo-Jin, et al.
(författare)
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The Ile646Val (2073A > G) Polymorphism in the Kinase-Binding Domain of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 10 and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: ONCOLOGY. - : S. Karger AG. - 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 76:3, s. 199-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Ile646Val (2073A>G) polymorphism in the kinase-binding domain of A-kinase anchoring protein 10 (AKAP10) is related to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), clinicopathological variables and the environmental factors for the development of CRC. Methods: Applying TaqMan allelic discrimination, we investigated AKAP10 Ile646Val (2073A>G) polymorphism in 288 Chinese CRC patients and 281 healthy controls. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of AKAP10 Ile646Val (2073A>G) polymorphism with increased CRC risk (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.07, p = 0.02). Stratification analysis showed that the increased risk associated with the variant genotypes (GG+AG) was more evident in male subjects (adjusted OR = 1.48, 95% CI 0.94-2.34, p = 0.03). Compared with the AA genotype, the adjusted OR for the variant genotypes was 1.81 (95% CI 1.08 - 3.05, p = 0.01) among young subjects (age ! 57 years). Among individuals who did not smoke or who smoked lightly, there was a significantly increased risk with the variant genotypes (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.08 - 2.56, p = 0.02). We did not observe a relationship between the AKAP10 polymorphism and other clinicopathological and environmental factors. Conclusions: Our data suggested that the AKAP10 2073A>G variation is associated with an increased risk of CRC in the Chinese population.
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| 5. |
- Wei, Jian-Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of Kv2.1-FAK complex as a mechanism of FAK activation, cell polarization and enhanced motility
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9541 .- 1097-4652. ; 217:2, s. 544-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays key roles in cell adhesion and migration. We now report that the delayed rectifier Kv2.1 potassium channel, through its LD-like motif in N-terminus, may interact with FAK and enhance phosphorylation of FAK(397) and FAK(576/577) Overlapping distribution of Kv2.1 and FAK was observed on soma and proximal dendrites of cortical neurons. FAK expression promotes a polarized membrane distribution of the Kv2.1 channel. In Kv2.1-transfected CHO cells, formation of the Kv2.1-FAK complex was stimulated by fibronectin/integrin and inhibited by the K channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA). FAK phosphorylation was minimized by shRNA knockdown of the Kv2.1 channel, point mutations of the N-terminus, and TEA, respectively. Cell migration morphology was altered by Kv2.1 knockdown or TEA, hindering cell migration activity. In wound healing tests in vitro and a traumatic injury animal model, Kv2.1 expression and co-localization of Kv2.1 and FAK significantly enhanced directional cell migration and wound closure. It is suggested that the Kv2.1 channel may function as a promoting signal for FAK activation and cell motility.
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| 6. |
- Kuper, Hannah, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective Study of Solar Exposure, Dietary Vitamin D Intake, and Risk of Breast Cancer among Middle-aged Women
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 18:9, s. 2558-2561
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The relationship between solar exposure or dietary vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk has not been fully elucidated. These associations were studied within the Womens Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study, a cohort of 49,259 Swedish women ages 30 to 50 years at baseline (1991-1992). Women were asked about solar exposure and completed a food frequency questionnaire and were followed-up through linkages to national registries until December 2004. In the current analyses, 41,889 women were included, 840 of whom were diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up. Breast cancer risk was not related to solar exposure variables, including sun sensitivity, annual number of sunburns, time spent on sunbathing vacations, or solarium use at any age period of exposure. There was also no association with dietary vitamin D intake or supplementary multivitamin use. These relationships were not modified after stratifying by estrogen or progesterone receptor status.
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| 7. |
- Meng, Wen-Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Microsatellite instability did not predict individual survival in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0890-9091 .- 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 72:1-2, s. 82-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Tumors with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) have unique biological behavior and the predictive role of microsatellite instability (MSI) status on survival of colorectal cancer is still debated. The prognostic significance of MSI status in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients needs to be more precisely defined. So we investigated the relationship between MSI status and clinicopathological features and prognosis in these patients. Methods: DNAs from fresh-frozen paired samples of tumors and corresponding normal tissue from 128 stage II and III rectal cancer patients were analyzed for MSI by PCR amplification using markers recommended by a National Cancer Institute workshop on MSI. To assess prognostic significance, Cox proportional hazards modeling was used. Results: Twelve (9.3%) tumors in our study were MSI-H, 28 (21.9%) were low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) and 88 (68.8%) were microsatellite stable (MSS). Most of the MSI-H tumors compared with MSI-L and MSS tumors were found in female patients (p = 0.031), had mucinous histology (p = 0.023), high grade of differentiation (p = 0.002) and high level of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (p = 0.005). Rectal cancer patients with MSI-H did not show a better clinical outcome than those with MSI-L/MSS, neither in all cases (p = 0.986) nor in stage II and stage III disease analyzed separately (p = 0.705 and p = 0.664, respectively). Conclusions: Data provided here demonstrated there was high incidence of MSI-H and MSI was not a prognostic factor in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancers from the Chinese Han population included in this study. Tumor stage is more suitable than MSI status for prediction of individual survival in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG.
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| 8. |
- Meng, Wen-Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Novel mutations and sequence variants in exons 3-9 of human T Cell Factor-4 gene in sporadic rectal cancer patients stratified by microsatellite instability
- 2007
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 13:27, s. 3747-3751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To establish the role of human T Cell Factor-4 (hTCF-4) gene exons 3-9 mutation status in association with sporadic rectal cancer with microsatellite instability (MSI). Methods: Microsatellite markers were genotyped in 93 sporadic rectal cancer patients. Eleven cases were found to be high-frequency MSI (MSI-H). Sequence analysis of the coding region of the exons 3-9 of hTCF-4 gene was carried out for the 11 MSI-H cases and 10 controls (5 microsatellite stability (MSS) cases and 5 cases with normal mucosa). The sequencing and MSI identification were used. Results: Several novel mutations and variants were revealed. In exon 4, one is a 4-position continuous alteration which caused amino acid change from Q131T and S132I (391insA, 392 G > A, 393 A > G and 395delC) and another nucleotide deletion (395delC) is present in MSI-H cases (5/10 and 4/10, respectively) but completely absent in the controls. Conclusion: Novel mutations in exon 4 of hTCF-4 gene were revealed in this study, which might be of importance in the pathogenesis of sporadic rectal cancer patients with MSI-H. © 2007 WJG. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Rönn, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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A common variant in MTNR1B, encoding melatonin receptor 1B, is associated with type 2 diabetes and fasting plasma glucose in Han Chinese individuals.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; Feb 25, s. 830-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Recently, three groups independently reported that variation in MTNR1B, the gene encoding melatonin receptor 1B, was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, increased fasting plasma glucose and impaired insulin secretion in populations of European ancestry. In the present study, we investigated whether a single MTNR1B polymorphism was associated with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese individuals, to elucidate whether this is a cross-populational effect. METHODS: The MTNR1B variant rs10830963 was genotyped in 1,165 type 2 diabetic patients and 1,105 normoglycaemic control individuals of southern Han Chinese ancestry who were residents of the metropolitan area of Shanghai. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes was calculated using a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex and BMI. A possible association with fasting plasma glucose was analysed in the normoglycaemic control individuals using a multiple linear regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex and BMI. RESULTS: The genetic variant rs10830963 was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in our Han Chinese cohort (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.31, p = 0.015). As previously described, the risk variant was also associated with increased fasting plasma glucose, showing an increase of 0.068 mmol/l (95% CI 0.036-0.100, p = 4 x 10(-5)) per risk allele. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A common variant in the MTNR1B gene is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and increased fasting plasma glucose in Han Chinese, suggesting an important role for this polymorphism in populations of different ethnic and environmental backgrounds.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Chao-Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Clinicopathological significance of microRNA-31, -143 and -145 expression in colorectal cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Disease Markers. - 0278-0240 .- 1875-8630. ; 26:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are just beginning to understand how microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor-related processes in humans. Applying real-time RT-PCR, we investigated the miR-31, miR-143 and miR-145 expression in 98 primary CRC specimens, along with the corresponding normal mucosa specimens, and analyze the relationship of their expression with clinicopathological features. Our results showed the miR-31 expression was up-regulated in CRC compared to normal mucosa (p = 0.001). Furthermore, miR-31 expression was positively related to advanced TNM stage (p = 0.026) and deeper invasion of tumors (p = 0.024). MiR-145 was down-regulated in both colon (p = 0.001) and rectal (p = 0.012) cancer. MiR-143 was only down-regulated in colon cancer (p = 0.023) but not in rectal cancer (p = 0.351). There was no relationship of miR-143 and miR-145 expression with other clinicopathological features (p > 0.05), except that the miR-145 expression was related to cancer site (p = 0.03). In conclusion, the miR-31 overexpression may be involved in the development and progression of CRC. The miR-143 and miR-145 may play a certain role in the development of colon and/or rectal cancers but not in progression of the disease.
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