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- Fan, W., et al.
(author)
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Investigation of magnetization dynamics damping in Ni80Fe20/Nd-Cu bilayer at room temperature
- 2018
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In: AIP Advances. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2158-3226. ; 8:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Focusing on the Ni80Fe20 (Py)/Nd-Cu bilayers, the magnetization dynamic damping from spin pumping effect is investigated systematically by doping itinerant Cu in rear earth metal Nd. Various Ta/Py/Nd1-xCux/Ta/Si films with x = 0%, 16%, 38%, 46% and 58% are prepared by magnetron sputtering. For every content of Cu, the thickness of Nd-Cu layer is changed from 1 nm to 32 nm. The damping coefficient increases with increasing the thickness of Nd-Cu layer, which shows the trend of the spin pumping behavior. Also, with increasing Cu concentration in the Nd-Cu layer, the damping coefficient decreases, implying that the spin-orbit coupling in Nd-Cu layer is indeed cut down by high itinerant of Cu dopants. It is interesting that the spin diffusion length (λSD) in the Nd-Cu layer for different Cu dopants is not found to increase monotonously.
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- You, Q. L., et al.
(author)
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Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences
- 2021
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In: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau, TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences. Arctic amplification (AA) and Tibetan amplification (TA) are the most significant characteristics of climate change patterns over the two Poles. In this study, trends, mechanisms and consequences of both AA and TA are compared. Based on ERA5 reanalysis during 1979-2020, both AP and TP have undergone significant warming with an annual rate of 0.72 degrees C/decade and 0.34 degrees C/decade respectively, which exceeds the rates for the Northern Hemisphere (0.29 degrees C/decade) and the global means (0.19 degrees C/decade) over the same period. Based on 22 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, AA over the AP is warming at a rate almost four times than the global means and twice as fast over the TP. Although both AA and TA are projected to continue in the future, currently there is no consensus on the dominant mechanisms for AA or TA over the two Poles. Proposed mechanisms of AA can be divided into two types: local climate factors (sea ice-albedo feedback, Planck feedback, temperature gradient feedback, cloud feedback, and water vapor feedback); and poleward heat and moisture transport from lower latitudes (atmospheric circulation effect, ocean circulation effect, and modulation of Pacific and Atlantic SST). Consequences of AA include decline of sea ice cover, retreat of the Greenland ice sheet, permafrost degradation, accelerated disturbances in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and influences on extreme climate events at lower latitudes. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission, snow/ice-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation interactions, water vapor and radiative flux feedbacks, local forcing and feedback processes, land use changes and reduction in total ozone, are generally considered to be the main mechanisms causing TA. TA has caused significant change within the atmosphere and cryosphere over the TP and its surroundings, such as changes in climate extremes, snow cover, the retreat of glaciers, and permafrost degradation. Similarities and differences of warming amplifications over the two Poles are proposed, and the relative contribution of each mechanism to the warming amplifications and how the specific consequences may compare over the two Poles remain unclear and under continuing investigation.
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- Yu, Y. F., et al.
(author)
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Compound climate extremes in China: Trends, causes, and projections
- 2023
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In: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 286
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human society and ecosystems are impacted by climate extremes more than by climate averages. In contrast with climate extremes that are driven by individual climatic variables, compound climate extremes stem from a combination of multiple climatic drivers and usually lead to more severe risks than the former extremes do. The influences of the drivers for compound climate extremes are strengthening under global warming. Firstly, this review details the development of the definition of compound climate extremes over recent years and describes different types of events, such as compound drought and heatwave extremes (CDHEs), compound day and night heat extremes (CDNHEs), and compound flooding (CF). Secondly, historical trends in compound climate ex-tremes in China over the past half-century, and projections of future trends under different scenarios, are dis-cussed. For example, this study points out that a large part of China has experienced longer, stronger, and more frequent CDHEs than other parts of the country. CDHEs have followed a significantly increasing trend since the 1990s, and this trend is projected to strengthen further under different scenarios in the future. Thirdly, this study reviews different potential causes for compound climate extremes, including the internal variability of the climate system (e.g., land and atmosphere feedbacks, large-scale circulation patterns) and external anthropo-genic forcings (e.g., urbanization and anthropogenic emissions). In this study, we summarize risks from different perspectives by considering interactions between hazards, vulnerability, and exposure. Many studies show that risks to infrastructural damage and population exposure are projected to increase in the future, and that crop yields and ecosystem gross primary production are likely to reduce. Finally, we generalize our study and show that there is an urgent need for a comprehensive study of different combinations of compound events. We argue that it is important that we understand the key dynamic and thermal processes that are modulated by specific drivers and investigate the uncertainty in the projected variabilities for compound climate extremes. This re-quires interdisciplinary collaboration and will allow appropriate risk adaptation strategies to be developed. There has been great progress in research into compound climate extremes; however, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and risks is necessary as a theoretical basis for more effective climate adaptation policies.
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- Artigas Soler, María, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.
- 2011
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1082-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10(-8)) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating pulmonary function and into molecular targets for future therapy to alleviate reduced lung function.
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- Chen, S., et al.
(author)
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A Reliability Study of Nanoparticles Reinforced Composite Lead-Free Solder
- 2010
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In: Materials Transactions. - 1347-5320 .- 1345-9678. ; 51:10, s. 1720-1726
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work looks at the development and investigation of a reinforced composite solder with low melting point The composite solder was prepared by adding Sn 3 0Ag 0 5Cu nanoparticles Into Sn 58BI solder paste 1 he Sn 3 0Ag 0 5Cu nanoparticles were manufactured using a self developed Consumable electrode Direct Current Arc (CDCA) technique The test FR 4 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with Cu pad and Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) surface finish were fabricated and fifty SR1206 chip resistors were mounted on pads of test PCB with the reinforced composite solder paste by using conventional surface mount technology The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to analyze the constituent of the composite solder Joint after reflow A scanning electron microscope (SEM) transmission electron microscope (TEM) and optical microscope (OM) were employed in order to observe the morphology of nanoparticles the microstructure of reinforced composite solder Joint the crack initiation and propagation in solder Joint and the fracture mode after shear test The thermal cycling (TC) was carried out with a temperature range of 40 degrees C and 125 C The contract resistance of the solder Joint was measured during thermal cycling and the shear test of solder Joints was performed before and after 500 thermal cycles After the shear test all fracture surfaces were inspected to identify the fracture mode of the composite solder joint The results of the experiments detailed in this work indicate that the shear strength of the composite solder increased 2 times in comparison to Sn 58B(1) Meanwhile the thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) resistance of the composite solder with 1 mass% nanoparticles was 16 times stronger than Sn 58BI and 4 times stronger than Sn 3 0Ag 0 5Cu However the tendency of forming micro cracks between nanoparticles and solder matrix and the fracture within solder was increased for solder joints with more than 3 mass% nanoparticles after thermal cycling.
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