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| 2. |
- Allgulander, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy of venlafaxine ER in patients with social anxiety disorder : A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison with paroxetine
- 2004
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 19:6, s. 387-396
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated the anxiolytic efficacy, safety and tolerability of a flexible dose of venlafaxine extended release (ER) compared with placebo and paroxetine in the short-term treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). Adult outpatients with generalized SAD (n=434) were randomized to receive capsules of venlafaxine ER 75 mg to 225 mg/day, paroxetine 20 mg to 50 mg/day, or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the Liebowitz social anxiety scale total score. Secondary efficacy variables included the patient-rated social phobia inventory and the proportion of responders in each group (a responder was defined as having a clinical global impression-improvement score of 1 or 2). Treatment with venlafaxine ER was associated with significantly greater improvement than treatment with placebo for all primary and secondary efficacy variables (p<0.05). No significant differences in primary or secondary efficacy variables were observed between the venlafaxine ER and paroxetine groups. The week 12 response rates were 69%, 66% and 36% for the venlafaxine ER, paroxetine and placebo groups, respectively. Both active treatments were generally well tolerated and were associated with a similar incidence of adverse events. This study shows that venlafaxine ER is an effective, safe and well-tolerated drug treatment for SAD.
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| 4. |
- Ji, Xiaoyan, et al.
(author)
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A generalized method for the solid-liquid equilibrium stage and its application in process simulation
- 2002
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In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 41, s. 2040-2046
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the important need of simulations of the crystallization process in aqueous electrolyte solutions, a generalized method is proposed in this paper for predicting the solid-liquid equilibrium stage by identifying the number of phases and their identities automatically. The proposed method is also used to generate phase diagrams and crystallization paths and to provide an example of the software that can be used to design, simulate, and optimize the related process. Several cases are studied to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method for systems with hydrate, multi-ion, and complex salts.
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| 5. |
- Ji, Xiaoyan, et al.
(author)
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Activity coefficients of HCl in the HCl + NH4Cl + H2O systems at 298.15 and 313.15 K
- 2000
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In: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 45:1, s. 29-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using the ion-selective electrode method with a concentrated electrolyte solution added continuously, the mean activity coefficients of HCl in the HCl + NH4Cl + H2O system were experimentally measured at 298.15 and 313.15 K and at five molality fractions of NH4Cl (y2 = mNH4Cl/(mHCl + mNH4Cl) from 0.1 to 0.9. The measurements were made by an electrochemical cell using a H glass ion-selective electrode and a chloride solid-state ion-selective electrode. It was found that the influence of NH4+ on the H glass ion-selective electrode could be neglected up to 1.3 molkg-1, and this pair of ion-selective electrodes was suitable for determining the activity coefficients of HCl in the system. A new set of Pitzer mixing parameters, correlated from the experimental results, was used to calculate the activity coefficients for HCl in the system from 293.15 to 313.15 K up to 3.0 molkg-1.
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| 6. |
- Ji, Xiaoyan, et al.
(author)
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Determination of the activity coefficients of NaCl in the system NaCl-NH4Cl-H2O
- 2001
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In: Journal of Solution Chemistry. - 0095-9782 .- 1572-8927. ; 30, s. 463-473
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using ion-selective electrode(s) (ISE) the activity coefficients of NaCl in the system NaCl-NH4Cl-H2O at 10, 25, and 40°C were measured by a computer-controlled automatic titration system. The ionic strength fractions of NH4Cl were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. It was found that the influence of the NH4+ cation on the Na glass ISE was small enough to be neglected up to 3.0 mol-kg-1. The Pitzer equation was adopted to calculate the activity coefficients of NaCl in this system and compared with the experimental data. Comparison of results indicates that the Pitzer parameters correlated from solubility data are suitable for calculating the activity coefficients for this system within the saturated solutions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ji, Xiaoyan, et al.
(author)
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Mean activity coefficients of NaCl in (sodium chloride + sodium bicarbonate + water) fromT = (293.15 to 308.15) K
- 2001
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In: Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9614 .- 1096-3626. ; 33, s. 1107-1119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mean activity coefficients of NaCl in (sodium chloride + sodium bicarbonate + water) were determined experimentally in the temperature range 293.15 K to 308.15 K at four NaHCO3 molality fractions (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7). The measurements were made with an electrochemical cell, using a Na+ glass ion-selective electrode and a Cl- solid-state ion-selective electrode. The experimental values reported by Butler and Huston are found to be higher than those calculated from the Pitzer equation using the existing parameters while the experimental results of this work are close to the calculated values, up to an NaHCO3 molality fraction of 0.5. At the NaHCO3 molality fraction of 0.7, the experimental data are much lower than the calculated values, implying that the interference of HCO3- on the Na+ glass ion-selective electrode can only be neglected up to a molality fraction of NaHCO3 of 0.5, an observation which is consistent with that of Butler and Huston.
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| 9. |
- Liu, Jian-Jun, et al.
(author)
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Hepatic cirrhosis increases sensitivity of kidney to endotoxin in rats
- 2002
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In: Medical Science Monitor. - 1643-3750. ; 8:2, s. 56-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Renal failure in cirrhotic patients is a severe complication and endotoxemia might be involved. We investigated the effect of endotoxin on renal function of cirrhotic rats and the potential protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). MATERIAL/METHODS: Hepatic cirrhosis was generated in a rat model by carbon tetrachloride. Both cirrhotic and normal rats were insulted by endotoxin intravenously, while another cirrhotic group was pre-treated with NAC. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were assayed eight hours later. The changes in serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were assayed by ELISA. The histological changes in the kidney were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Endotoxin increased the BUN and creatinine levels in both normal and cirrhotic rats, with a much higher elevation in the latter group. TNF-a concentration was also increased by endotoxin; the changes are positively correlated with BUN and creatinine. NAC pretreatment significantly attenuates the effects of endotoxin on BUN, creatinine and TNF-a levels in cirrhotic rats with no improvement in systemic toxicity symptoms. There were no obvious histological changes in the kidney of these animals. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic cirrhosis increased the sensitivity of renal function to endotoxemia, which may be protected by NAC.
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| 10. |
- Lygeros, John, et al.
(author)
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Continuity and invariance in hybrid automata
- 2001
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In: Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2001. - : IEEE. - 0780370619 ; , s. 340-345
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hybrid automata have been proposed as a language for modelling and analysing the interaction of digital and analogue dynamics in embedded computer systems. In the paper, hybrid automata are studied from a dynamical systems perspective. Extending earlier work on conditions for existence and uniqueness of executions of hybrid automata, we characterise a class of hybrid automata whose executions depend continuously on the initial state. The continuity conditions are subsequently used to derive an extension of LaSalle's principle for studying the stability of invariant sets of states of hybrid automata
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| 11. |
- Zhang, Cheng-Gang, et al.
(author)
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Phrenic nerve transfer in the treatment of brachial plexus avulsion : an experimental study of nerve regeneration and muscle morphology in rats.
- 2004
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In: Microsurgery. - : Wiley. - 0738-1085 .- 1098-2752. ; 24:3, s. 232-240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The regeneration of motor and sensory neurons and the morphological changes of the target muscle after phrenic nerve transfer were investigated in adult rats. Six months following nerve transfer, 326.0 +/- 16.31 phrenic motoneurons regenerated into musculocutaneous nerve, which is not different from the normal number of phrenic motoneurons. The regenerated motoneurons exhibited a 14% nonsignificant hypertrophy. Of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, 255.8 +/- 45.26 regenerated, which was significantly lower than the number of normal phrenic DRG neurons. The regenerated phrenic DRG neurons showed a 24% close-to-significant atrophy. The target muscle fiber morphology changed considerably after reinnervation. The present results suggest that the phrenic nerve has very good regenerative ability in terms of its motoneurons and a relatively insufficient sensory neuronal regeneration.
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| 12. |
- Zhang, Jun, et al.
(author)
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Dynamical systems revisited : Hybrid systems with Zeno executions
- 2000
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In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. ; 1790, s. 451-464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results from classical dynamical systems are generalized to hybrid dynamical systems. The concept of omega limit set is introduced for hybrid systems and is used to prove new results on invariant sets and stability, where Zeno and non-Zeno hybrid systems can be treated within the same framework. As an example, LaSalle's Invariance Principle is extended to hybrid systems. Zeno hybrid systems are discussed in detail. The omega limit set of a Zeno execution is characterized for classes of hybrid systems.
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