| 1. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Gärningsmannen, brottet och offret
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö. - 9789144126272 ; , s. 51-66
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In addition to Malmö having the most reported crimes in relation to its population, it is also one of the cities in the country with the highest percentage of gun-related violence. Our earlier studies show that people who commit serious crimes such as homicide or attempted homicide in Malmö are primarily single, have no psychiatric diagnosis and mainly use knives or other sharp weapons to commit their crimes, although guns do cause more fatalities. The victims are usually somewhat older than the offenders and there is often a relationship between them. In fatal knife attacks, the leading cause of death among victims is loss of blood. For victims who are attacked by guns, head injuries are the main cause of death.
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| 2. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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The Offender, the crime and the victim
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö. - 9789144133041 ; , s. 53-69
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In addition to Malmö having the most reported crimes in relation to its population, it is also one of the cities in the country with the highest percentage of gun-related violence. Our earlier studies show that people who commit serious crimes such as homicide or attempted homicide in Malmö are primarily single, have no psychiatric diagnosis and mainly use knives or other sharp weapons to commit their crimes, although guns do cause more fatalities. The victims are usually somewhat older than the offenders and there is often a relationship between them. In fatal knife attacks, the leading cause of death among victims is loss of blood. For victims who are attacked by guns, head injuries are the main cause of death.
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| 3. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie
(författare)
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In and Out of Criminality and Substance Abuse : Life Stories
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many would agree that desistance from crime and substance abuse is a process and not a one-time event. In order to enhance the understanding of this process, a small number of interviews were conducted to listen to the subjective voices of individuals that have been through the hazards of trying to repeatedly leave a life of crime and substance abuse. Men and women in the ages between 20-50 yrs. of age were asked to narrate their own life stories. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lives of people with repeated substance abuse and criminal behavior. Semi-structured interviews were used in order to give the narrators the freedom of conveying freely their life story and yet giving the interviewer opportunity to ask about and thus cover aspects of their lives known in the literature as risk factors to develop antisocial behavior. The subjects were recruited by the general manager together with a psychiatric consultant at a treatment center for repeated and hard to treat individuals with sever substance abuse problems and criminal behavior. Results will convey both the power and challenges of individual perceptions on family and social bonds and utilization of health care.
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| 4. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Life in Different Male Offender Groups – Possible Underlying Effects of Intelligence and Psychopathic Tendencies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology. - : Annex Publishers, LLC. - 2348-9804. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of psychopathic tendencies and intelligence on Quality of life (QoL) ratings in different male offender groups was explored. Participants were 199 Swedish males with a history of criminality at age 11-14 and matched controls from the longitudinal project Young Lawbreakers as Adults. Based on registered crimes prior to 15 years and up to 34 years of age, four criminal groups were yielded: non-criminals (NC); adolescence-limited (AL); persistent (P); and adult-onset (AO). The QoL construct consists of the following dimensions: Self-perception, Psychological health, Family, Children, Education, Work, and Finances, all self-rated at age 38-41 when also psychopathic tendencies were clinically assessed using the Psychopathy Check List (PCL). The P group reported lower QoL in all dimensions compared to the NC and AL groups and lower QoL regarding Family and Education than the AO group. When controlling for psychopathic tendencies, the group differences in QoL regarding Self-perception and Children was no longer significant. Generally, individuals with higher IQ scores rated higher QoL than individuals with lower IQ scores. IQ however did not explain the divergence in QoL between offender groups. Psychopathic tendencies are suggested to overtake the importance of group belonging regarding the QoL dimensions of Self-perception and Children.
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| 5. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s pathways to substance use and offending : qualitative in-depth interviews
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a well-established connection between substance abuse and offending for both men and women. Further, risk factors that increase likelihood of developing substance abuse and offending are generally thoroughly researched, yet specific female risk factors are under-researched. More research on gender-specific pathways to substance abuse and offending is therefore warranted. Thus, the overall aim of the current study was to explore how Swedish women with a history of substance use and offending describe their lives in terms of what factors they consider having contributed to their life style of substance abuse and crime. First general themes identified through the subjective voices of individuals will be described; second results from in-depth analyses of the material will be discussed. The data consists of ten in-depth qualitative interviews with clients at treatment facilities for substance abuse. In the interviews, they were asked to talk freely about their lives, and their narratives were analyzed using systematic text condensation. The results suggests that 1) the women’s substance abuse is a way of coping with adverse internal and external factors, 2) the women’s relationships to their family, peers, and significant others have been central for their substance abuse and offending, and 3) substance abuse and offending are closely linked. These women’s risk fac- tors for substance abuse and offending occur on different structural levels and in different life stages as will be discussed. A comprehensive view of substance abuse and offending is therefore crucial when attempting to find generative mechanisms.
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| 6. |
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Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö
- 2019. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Malmö and its inhabitants are living in a historical era and in a changing environment – in a city that has grown with 43 percent since 1990. Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö presents a selection of current research, and the impact that crime, victimization and vulnerability have had on Malmö since the early 2000s.Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö addresses topics such as gun and explo-sive violence, arson, offender characteristics, hate crime and victimological aspects. The book also discusses the link between crime and substance abuse, presents a crime victim study of EU citizens, and invites readers to listen in on a conversation between a criminolo-gist and an active-duty police officer. Finally, a psychiatrist reflects on how society’s inte-raction with people with antisocial problems has changed over time.The book has a clear link to Malmö, but can be used to understand crime, victimization and vulnerability in other places. Readers are encouraged to reflect critically on crime, victimization and vulnerability, and on how these are portrayed both in the media and in the book itself. The hope is that this book will contribute to the discussion on Malmö’s crime, victimization and vulnerability and that it will inspire thoughts, questions and curiosity about criminology as a subject.
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| 7. |
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Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö
- 2019. - 1
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Malmö and its inhabitants are living in a historical era and in a changing environment – in a city that has grown with 43 percent since 1990. Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö presents a selection of current research, and the impact that crime, victimization and vulnerability have had on Malmö since the early 2000s.Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö addresses topics such as gun and explo-sive violence, arson, offender characteristics, hate crime and victimological aspects. The book also discusses the link between crime and substance abuse, presents a crime victim study of EU citizens, and invites readers to listen in on a conversation between a criminolo-gist and an active-duty police officer. Finally, a psychiatrist reflects on how society’s inte-raction with people with antisocial problems has changed over time.The book has a clear link to Malmö, but can be used to understand crime, victimization and vulnerability in other places. Readers are encouraged to reflect critically on crime, victimization and vulnerability, and on how these are portrayed both in the media and in the book itself. The hope is that this book will contribute to the discussion on Malmö’s crime, victimization and vulnerability and that it will inspire thoughts, questions and curiosity about criminology as a subject.
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| 8. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Gun and explosive violence
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö. - 9789144133041 ; , s. 19-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gun-related violence in Sweden has increased dramatically since the 1990s, and while the entire country has been affected, the Skåne region and Malmö in particular stand out. Although many of the shootings are directed at buildings and vehicles, more than ten people are killed and injured in the city every year. Violence caused by explosives has also increased both in Malmö and in the country as a whole, and this could be a sign of a shifting trend in serious crime.
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| 9. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Gärningsmannen, brottet och offret
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144126272 ; , s. 51-66
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Nineteen Victims of Homicide and Attempted Homicide in Sweden—Their Injuries, Cause of Death, and Offender Relationship
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0195-7910 .- 1533-404X. ; 38:3, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Victims of homicide and attempted homicide are not uncommon in Sweden. We therefore aimed to study these victims to understand their injuries, their cause of death, and their relationship to the offender. All cases during five years in a district court in Sweden, where an offender had been convicted for homicide or attempted homicide, were identified and the court documents reviewed. Nineteen victims were identified; 14 males and five females, with an average age of 39.1 years. Although knife/sharp weapon was the most common weapon used, the use of firearm caused more deaths. Our study shows higher rates of firearm use than many other countries. The most common anatomical site to be injured by knife/sharp weapon and firearm was the thorax followed by the head. The most common cause of death was hypovolemia, followed by intracranial injuries. The high rate of firearm use shows that firearms are common modus operandi in Sweden often causing lethal injuries, if the offender intends to kill the victim. Our results support other studies showing that it is foremost injuries to the vessels, intracranial injuries, and injuries to intrathoracic organs, which causes a victimʼs death when assaulted with knife/sharp weapon or firearm.
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