| 11. |
- Schuetz, Anne K., et al.
(author)
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Binding of Polythiophenes to Amyloids : Structural Mapping of the Pharmacophore
- 2018
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In: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 9:3, s. 475-481
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Luminescent conjugated polythiophenes bind to amyloid proteins with high affinity. Their fluorescence properties, which are modulated by the detailed conformation in the bound state, are highly sensitive to structural features of the amyloid. Polythiophenes therefore represent diagnostic markers for the detection and differentiation of pathological amyloid aggregates. 560 We clarify the binding site and mode of two different polythiophenes to fibrils of the prion domain of the HET-s protein by solid-state NMR and correlate these findings with their fluorescence properties. We demonstrate how amyloid dyes recognize distinct binding sites with specific topological features. Regularly spaced surface charge patterns and well-accessible grooves on the fibril surface define the pharmacophore of the amyloid, which in turn determines the binding mode and fluorescence wavelength of the polythiophene.
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| 12. |
- Zhang, Jun, et al.
(author)
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Detection and Imaging of A beta 1-42 and Tau Fibrils by Redesigned Fluorescent X-34 Analogues
- 2018
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In: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 24:28, s. 7210-7216
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We revisited the Congo red analogue 2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-carboxy-styryl)benzene (X-34) to develop this highly fluorescent amyloid dye for imaging Alzheimers disease (AD) pathology comprising A beta and Tau fibrils. A selection of ligands with distinct optical properties were synthesized by replacing the central benzene unit of X-34, with other heterocyclic moieties. Full photophysical characterization was performed, including recording absorbance and fluorescence spectra, Stokes shift, quantum yield and fluorescence lifetimes. All ligands displayed high affinity towards recombinant amyloid fibrils of A beta 1-42 (13-300nmK(d)) and Tau (16-200nmK(d)) as well as selectivity towards the corresponding disease-associated protein aggregates in AD tissue. We observed that these ligands efficiently displaced X-34, but not Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) from recombinant A beta 1-42 amyloid fibrils, arguing for retained targeting of the Congo red type binding site. We foresee that the X-34 scaffold offers the possibility to develop novel high-affinity ligands for A pathology found in human AD brain in a different mode compared with PiB, potentially recognizing different polymorphs of A fibrils.
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| 13. |
- Zhang, Jun, Dr. 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Intramolecular Proton and Charge Transfer of Pyrene-based trans-Stilbene Salicylic Acids Applied to Detection of Aggregated Proteins.
- 2018
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In: ChemPhysChem. - Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 1439-4235 .- 1439-7641. ; 19:22, s. 3001-3009
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two analogues to the fluorescent amyloid probe 2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carboxy-styryl)benzene (X-34) were synthesized based on the trans-stilbene pyrene scaffold (Py1SA and Py2SA). The compounds show strikingly different emission spectra when bound to preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils. This remarkable emission difference is retained when bound to amyloid fibrils of four distinct proteins, suggesting a common binding configuration for each molecule. Density functional theory calculations show that Py1SA is twisted, while Py2SA is more planar. Still, an analysis of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of the two compounds indicates that the degree of electronic coupling between the pyrene and salicylic acid (SA) moieties is larger in Py1SA than in Py2SA. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled-charge transfer (ICT) was observed for the anionic form in polar solvents. We conclude that ICT properties of trans-stilbene derivatives can be utilized for amyloid probe design with large changes in emission spectra and decay times from analogous chemical structures depending on the detailed physical nature of the binding site.less thanbr /greater than (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
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| 14. |
- Zhang, Jun, Dr. 1987-
(author)
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Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent stilbene-based probes targeting amyloid fibrils
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by two main protein aggregate hallmarks in the brain: extracellular deposition of the amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The past decade has seen great progress in the development of imaging probes for the non-invasive detection of Aβ and tau aggregates. Here positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are highly promising technologies for clinical diagnostics. However, as a research tool, optical imaging is superior because it is real-time, sensitive, inexpensive, not radioactive and that it in particular affords high-resolution studies both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescent probes are especially useful for designing novel binding scaffolds for structure investigations of protein aggregates. This thesis describes design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of fluorescent probes for detection of amyloid fibrils, especially Aβ or tau aggregates in vitro.Firstly, trans-stilbenoid vinylbenzene-1,2-diol with benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene are investigated with respect to their photophysical properties free in solution and when bound to amyloid fibrils, including time-resolved fluorescence measurements. It is noted that the extended conjugated systems retained the amyloid targeting properties of the probes and both the anthracene and pyrene moieties extensively enhanced the fluorescence intensity and prolonged lifetimes.Secondly, the synthesis of two molecules, Py1SA and Py2SA, based on pyrene linked to salicylic acid via a trans-stilbene C = C bond is presented. The compounds show strikingly different emission spectra when bound to preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils as well as to fibrils from four other distinct proteins. Additionally, excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled-charge transfer (ICT) is observed for the anionic form of the probes in polar solvents. This is likely the reason for the spectral differences of the probes when bound to amyloid fibrils.Moreover, the synthesis of a further development of the Congo red analogue X-34 [2,5-bis(4’-hydroxy-3’-carboxy-styryl) benzene] by rational design and synthesis is described. Full photophysical characterization was performed, including recording absorbance and fluorescence spectra, Stokes shift, quantum yield and fluorescence lifetimes. All ligands displayed high affinity towards recombinant amyloid fibrils of Aβ1-42 and tau as well as selectivity towards the corresponding disease-associated protein aggregates in human post mortem AD tissue.Lastly, the synthesis of a set of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD)-based ligands with different conjugated spacers and variable patterns of OH substitutions of bis-styryl-BTD prototypes were developed. Aβ binding affinities (Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 fibrils) and the specificity towards Aβ plaques of all ligands were determined. These findings extend the structure to activity relationships of BTD-based ligands for Aβ fibril binding.Throughout the studies in this dissertation, new interesting properties of small molecule fluorescence probes have been discovered and analyzed. This knowledge should facilitate the development of noninvasive probes for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and to distinguish different Aβ fibril polymorphs.
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