| 11. |
- Pokorný, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Driftwood in the Eemian interglacial lacustrine unit from the Faroe Islands and its possible source areas : palaeobotanical and ichnological analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483. ; 47:4, s. 1230-1243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coastal cliffs in Klaksvík (Borðoyar Bay) are the only known locality with Eemian sediments in the Faroe Islands. Previous studies carried out there focused on the sedimentology, tephra chemistry, paleoecology including aquatic environment, or the age of the deposits. In the lacustrine, clayey to silty gyttja we collected scattered wood fragments, identified as Larix sp., Pinus sp., Taxus sp. and Betulaceae? In addition, these wood remains contain numerous trace fossils, made by marine wood-boring bivalves (Teredolites longissimus), which together with a discussion about the areal extent of the identified tree species leads us to conclude that they are non-native, i.e. driftwood. Northern Siberia is usually regarded as the most likely source area for driftwood in the eastern North Atlantic region. We combined the approximate transport distance from the areal extent of the wood with the main directions of marine currents in the relevant section of the North Atlantic. Adding the known average marine current velocities during the penultimate interglacial resulted in 130–200 days for transport from North America and 350–1100 days from Siberia. Comparing this with the maximal buoyancy period for the identified tree species, we conclude that the Faroese driftwood may originate not only from Siberia, but also from the eastern coast of North America, especially from the region around the Great Lakes, as well as from western Europe.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Wienecke, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Spinal Cord Injury Enables Aromatic l-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Cells to Synthesize Monoamines.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Neuroscience. - 1529-2401. ; 34:36, s. 11984-12000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serotonin (5-HT), an important modulator of both sensory and motor functions in the mammalian spinal cord, originates mainly in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. However, following complete transection of the spinal cord, small amounts of 5-HT remain detectable below the lesion. It has been suggested, but not proven, that this residual 5-HT is produced by intraspinal 5-HT neurons. Here, we show by immunohistochemical techniques that cells containing the enzyme aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) occur not only near the central canal, as reported by others, but also in the intermediate zone and dorsal horn of the spinal gray matter. We show that, following complete transection of the rat spinal cord at S2 level, AADC cells distal to the lesion acquire the ability to produce 5-HT from its immediate precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan. Our results indicate that this phenotypic change in spinal AADC cells is initiated by the loss of descending 5-HT projections due to spinal cord injury (SCI). By in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology, we show that 5-HT produced by AADC cells increases the excitability of spinal motoneurons. The phenotypic change in AADC cells appears to result from a loss of inhibition by descending 5-HT neurons and to be mediated by 5-HT1B receptors expressed by AADC cells. These findings indicate that AADC cells are a potential source of 5-HT at spinal levels below an SCI. The production of 5-HT by AADC cells, together with an upregulation of 5-HT2 receptors, offers a partial explanation of hyperreflexia below a chronic SCI.
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| 14. |
- Wienhold, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Printing : Insights into the Morphology Formation and Optical Property Evolution of Slot-Die-Coated Active Layers Containing Low Bandgap Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Small Molecule Acceptor
- 2020
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Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2367-198X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Printing of active layers for high-efficiency organic solar cells with the slot-die coating technique can overcome the challenge of upscaling, which will be needed for organic photovoltaics on its way to marketability. The morphology of a bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell has a very high impact on its power conversion efficiency. Therefore, it is of particular importance to understand the mechanisms of structure formation during printing of active layers to enable further optimization of the solar cell performance and upscaling of the production process. Meniscus-guided slot-die coating of the blend of a low bandgap conjugated polymer donor with benzodithiophene units PBDB-T-SF and the nonfullerene small molecule acceptor IT-4F is studied in situ with optical microscopy, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering. The structure formation is followed from the liquid to the final dry film state. Thereby, five regimes of morphology formation are determined. The morphological evolution in the printed active layer is correlated to changing optical properties of the thin film. In the final dry film, polymer domains of several tens of nanometers are observed, which will be favorable for application in high-efficiency organic solar cells.
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| 15. |
- Alanentalo, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution three-dimensional imaging of islet-infiltrate interactions based on optical projection tomography assessments of the intact adult mouse pancreas
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - Bellingham, WA : SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 13:5, s. 054070-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A predicament when assessing the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of type-1 diabetes (T1D) has been to maintain simultaneous global and regional information on the loss of insulin-cell mass and the progression of insulitis. We present a procedure for high-resolution 3-D analyses of regions of interest (ROIs), defined on the basis of global assessments of the 3-D distribution, size, and shape of molecularly labeled structures within the full volume of the intact mouse pancreas. We apply a refined protocol for optical projection tomography (OPT)-aided whole pancreas imaging in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy of site-directed pancreatic microbiopsies. As such, the methodology provides a useful tool for detailed cellular and molecular assessments of the autoimmune insulitis in T1D. It is anticipated that the same approach could be applied to other areas of research where 3-D molecular distributions of both global and regional character is required.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose tolerance and beta-cell function in islet autoantibody-positive children recruited to a secondary prevention study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:5, s. 341-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and islet autoantibodies are recruited to a secondary prevention study. The aims were to determine metabolic control in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic risk and islet autoantibodies in prepubertal children. METHODS: In 47 healthy children with GADA and at least one additional islet autoantibody, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed 8-65 d apart. Hemoglobin A1c, plasma glucose as well as serum insulin and C-peptide were determined at fasting and during IvGTT and OGTT. RESULTS: All children aged median 5.1 (4.0-9.2) yr had autoantibodies to two to six of the beta-cell antigens GAD65, insulin, IA-2, and the three amino acid position 325 variants of the ZnT8 transporter. In total, 20/47 children showed impaired glucose metabolism. Decreased (≤30 μU/mL insulin) first-phase insulin response (FPIR) was found in 14/20 children while 11/20 had impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT. Five children had both impaired glucose tolerance and FPIR ≤30 μU/mL insulin. Number and levels of autoantibodies were not associated with glucose metabolism, except for an increased frequency (p = 0.03) and level (p = 0.01) of ZnT8QA in children with impaired glucose metabolism. Among the children with impaired glucose metabolism, 13/20 had HLA-DQ2/8, compared to 9/27 of the children with normal glucose metabolism (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Secondary prevention studies in children with islet autoantibodies are complicated by variability in baseline glucose metabolism. Evaluation of metabolic control with both IvGTT and OGTT is critical and should be taken into account before randomization. All currently available autoantibody tests should be analyzed, including ZnT8QA.
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| 17. |
- Ayers, James, 1983-
(författare)
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Educational contexts and designs for cultivating leaders capable of addressing the wicked issues of sustainability transitions.
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ongoing sustainability crisis offer numerous, multifaced societal challenges as a result of the ongoing degradation of socio-ecological systems by human activity causing massive ecological damage and human suffering. Overcoming these difficulties begs for the rapid transition of society towards sustainability. This desire for urgent action has been hindered by the lack of coordinated global leadership focused on addressing these challenges and implementing a transition towards a sustainable future. The sustainability crisis and its manifestations, which include for example climate change, air and water pollution, deforestation and social segregation, are interconnected and volatile issues whose parts influence and impact each other causing the crisis to worsen. The earth system is pushed towards tipping points from beyond which it may become impossible to maintain the human civilization. The failure of leadership to address the wicked nature of these crises means humanity has been left ill-equipped to deal with the complex problems of sustainability. This thesis considers the role of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in overcoming these issues and operating as a leverage point towards sustainability. It focuses on investigating how the development of sustainability leadership education in Higher Education can contribute to addressing the sustainability crisis. It looks at the role that educators can play in designing learning environments that ensure leaders and leadership capable of addressing wicked problems posed by global unsustainability. The aim of this research is to investigate what educators should consider when designing learning environments that promote the qualities needed for leading in complexity towards sustainability. It does this by examining a number of ESD programs as case studies to investigate the efficacy of those programs at creating sustainability outcomes within their students. It also undertakes a literature review to describe and articulate the unique challenges faced by sustainability leaders from a personal and professional perspective. The study is situated closely to the ongoing ESD discussion regarding competencies-based learning for sustainability and the research aims to provide some contribution to that dialogue. It does this through the investigation of competencies acquisition and the discussion of emerging areas of leadership that may hold beneficial outcomes for the development and practice of sustainability leaders. The results of the thesis suggest a number of outcomes for consideration by educators and include a number of main findings. Firstly, educational programs can be capable of achieving the acquisition of ‘sustainability’ competencies within their students, but if these competencies are not taught within a larger sustainability contextualization, then students can fail to see the purpose of the competencies ‘for’ sustainability. Secondly, reflective practices, developed as the result of reflective pedagogies, can provide beneficial qualities in students as future sustainability leaders and require distinct pedagogical structures in order to guide reflective practices towards sustainability outcomes. Finally, a number of unique personal and professional challenges to sustainability leadership exist and need to be overcome if the domain of sustainability is to ensure the ongoing resilience and wellbeing of individuals and groups acting as sustainability leaders. This research suggests a novel contribution to a number of areas within ESD research, including creating knowledge within the competencies discussion regarding emerging areas of study that may influence the future of defined sustainability competencies. It also highlights the need for educators to consider the role of wellbeing and resilience in current and future sustainability leaders.
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| 18. |
- Bergström, Annika, 1964
(författare)
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Medborgarna och e-förvaltningen
- 2013
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Ingår i: En region för alla?. - Göteborg : SOM-institutet. - 9789189673298 ; , s. 75-86
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Boström, Ann-Kristin
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Browning, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Report of the proceedings of a UK skin safety advisory group
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nursing. - : Mark Allen Publishing Ltd.. - 0966-0461 .- 2052-2819. ; 27:20, s. S34-S40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moisture-associated skin damage, especially incontinence-associated dermatitis, continues to present significant health challenges and requires multidisciplinary input to provide effective prevention and treatment. In the absence of mandatory reporting such damage is under- or wrongfully reported, resulting in a lack of accurate data on prevalence and costs of associated care. In March this year, a multidisciplinary team of experts met in the UK to seek to determine measures to improve patient skin care. They aimed to identify activities to increase awareness and education, collect data, and improve prevention and treatment regimes. This article describes that discussion and the conclusions made by the group, such as the key actions required to effect policy changes.
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